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Elagamy SH, Sommer AJ, Williams JC. Sample preparation and analysis protocols for the elucidation of structure and chemical distribution in kidney stones. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 305:123561. [PMID: 37866258 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Examining intact kidney stones both qualitatively and quantitatively can be difficult due to their size and fragility. Many modern analysis methods often lead to the destruction of the stone's structure during sample preparation. Preserving the structural integrity is crucial for accurately determining the chemical distribution of the components of kidney stones, which, in turn, improves our understanding of the disease's etiology. Infrared microspectroscopy and imaging play a vital role in revealing the stone's microstructure and component distribution. Consequently, this research focuses on investigating the impact of different sample preparation techniques on kidney stone analysis using infrared microspectroscopy. Specifically, it explores how polishing the surface of cross-sectioned stones influences the results. The polishing was performed utilizing abrasive discs and lapping films. A polishing device was also designed for the optimization of sample preparation. Additionally, this work involved a comparison of reflection infrared imaging with Attenuated Total Internal Reflection (ATR) infrared microspectroscopic imaging for the analysis of the microstructure of urinary stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Elagamy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - André J Sommer
- Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Miami University, Oxford, USA
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Sun W, Liang X, Lei J, Jiang C, Sheng D, Zhang S, Liu X, Chen H. Regulating cell behavior via regional patterned distribution of heparin-like polymers. Biomater Adv 2023; 154:213664. [PMID: 37866231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular patterning on biomaterial surfaces is an effective strategy to regulate biomaterial properties. Among the specific molecules, due to their biological functions, such as regulating cell behavior, heparin-like polymers (HLPs) have attracted much attention. In this study, HLP-distributed regional patterned surfaces (300 μm diameter circular array) were prepared by the combination of visible light-induced graft polymerization, transfer imprinting, and self-assembly to regulate the behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs). The introduction of the regional pattern on HLP-modified surfaces enhanced the promotion effect of sulfonate-containing polymer (pSS) and sulfonate-, and glyco-containing copolymer (pS-co-pM), and slightly weakened the inhibition effect of glyco-containing polymer (pMAG) on the growth of HUVECs and HUVSMCs. Compared with flat surfaces, it was found that the unmodified regional patterned surfaces inhibit the spreading of HUVECs and HUVSMCs, while significantly promoting the spreading of HUVECs and HUVSMCs on all the HLP-distributed regional patterned surfaces. The patterned surface modified with pS-co-pM had the highest average spread area of HUVECs (∼10,554 μm2), which was 193 % higher than that of the unmodified flat surface. This trend was somewhat related to surface VEGF adsorption. The combination of regional divisive patterns and different HLP distributions enriched the potential of further exploring the influences of HLP chemical distributions and complex surface environments on cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jiao Lei
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chi Jiang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Denghai Sheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Sulei Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Amigo JM, Jespersen BM, van den Berg F, Jensen JJ, Engelsen SB. Batch-wise versus continuous dough mixing of Danish butter cookies. A near infrared hyperspectral imaging study. Food Chem 2023; 414:135731. [PMID: 36821925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The Danish buttered cookie is a famous confectionery product. Its success makes manufacturing of the large volumes required challenging, introducing the need for different strategies to increase production while maintaining a high-quality standard. Two manufacturing lines used are batch-wise and continuous dough mixing. Despite the recipe being the same, the outcome of the two production types differs in texture and external appearance. While this does not infringe on the quality, changes in texture are observable. This manuscript analyses the physicochemical differences of the cookies after baking using Near Infrared hyperspectral imaging and Chemometrics. The study demonstrates that the changes in texture between batch and continuous production are mostly due to the difference in crystalline sucrose emerging in invisible spots on or near the surface of the cookies and a higher tendency of migrated butter-fat spots on the surface of the cookies for the continuous manufacturing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Amigo
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | | | - Frans van den Berg
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren B Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Giwa A, Ahmed I, Hasan SW. Enhanced sludge properties and distribution study of sludge components in electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactor. J Environ Manage 2015; 159:78-85. [PMID: 26048394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of electric field on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of sludge wasted from an electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactor treating medium-strength raw wastewater. This method offers a chemical-free electrokinetic technique to enhance sludge properties and remove heavy metals. For example, sludge volume index (SVI), time-to-filter (TTF), mean sludge particle diameter (PSD), viscosity, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of 21.7 mL/g, 7 min, 40.2 μm, 3.22 mPa s, and -4.9 mV were reported, respectively. Also, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses provided mechanisms for heavy metal removal so as to establish relevant pathways for nutrient recovery. Furthermore, variations in dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, viscosity, ORP, total suspended solids (MLSS), and volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) were interrelated to evaluate the quality of wasted sludge. A pathway study on the transport and chemical distribution of nutrients and metals in sludge showed great potential for metal removal and nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Giwa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shadi Wajih Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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