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Bauer B, Emonts C, Pitts J, Buhl EM, Eschweiler J, Hänsch R, Betsch M, Gries T, Menzel H. Topographically and Chemically Enhanced Textile Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:488. [PMID: 38399866 PMCID: PMC10893359 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue engineering to address the shortcomings of current procedures for tendons and ligaments is promising, but it requires a suitable scaffold that meets various mechanical, degradation-related, scalability-related, and biological requirements. Macroporous textile scaffolds made from appropriate fiber material have the potential to fulfill the first three requirements. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility, sterilizability, and functionalizability of a multilayer braided scaffold. These macroporous scaffolds with dimensions similar to those of the human anterior cruciate ligament consist of fibers with appropriate tensile strength and degradation behavior melt-spun from Polycaprolactone (PCL). Two different cross-sectional geometries resulting in significantly different specific surface areas and morphologies were used at the fiber level, and a Chitosan-graft-PCL (CS-g-PCL) surface modification was applied to the melt-spun substrates for the first time. All scaffolds elicited a positive cell response, and the CS-g-PCL modification provided a platform for incorporating functionalization agents such as drug delivery systems for growth factors, which were successfully released in therapeutically effective quantities. The fiber geometry was found to be a variable that could be manipulated to control the amount released. Therefore, scaled, surface-modified textile scaffolds are a versatile technology that can successfully address the complex requirements of tissue engineering for ligaments and tendons, as well as other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Bauer
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Caroline Emonts
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Johannes Pitts
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost, Merseburgerstr. 165, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Humboldtstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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