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Kobayashi K, Kawakami K, Kusakizako T, Miyauchi H, Tomita A, Kobayashi K, Shihoya W, Yamashita K, Nishizawa T, Kato HE, Inoue A, Nureki O. Endogenous ligand recognition and structural transition of a human PTH receptor. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3468-3483.e5. [PMID: 35932760 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) bind to the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) and activate the stimulatory G-protein (Gs) signaling pathway. Intriguingly, the two ligands have distinct signaling and physiological properties: PTH evokes prolonged Gs activation, whereas PTHrP evokes transient Gs activation with reduced bone-resorption effects. The distinct molecular actions are ascribed to the differences in ligand recognition and dissociation kinetics. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopic structures of six forms of the human PTH1R-Gs complex in the presence of PTH or PTHrP at resolutions of 2.8 -4.1 Å. A comparison of the PTH-bound and PTHrP-bound structures reveals distinct ligand-receptor interactions underlying the ligand affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, five distinct PTH-bound structures, combined with computational analyses, provide insights into the unique and complex process of ligand dissociation from the receptor and shed light on the distinct durations of signaling induced by PTH and PTHrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kusakizako
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotake Miyauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tomita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kan Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishizawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki E Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Komaba Institute for Science, the University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; FOREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single span transmembrane proteins in humans that interact with many GPCRs and can modulate their function. RAMPs were discovered as key components of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. They are required for transport of this class B GPCR, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), to the cell surface and determine its peptide ligand binding preferences. Soon thereafter RAMPs were shown to modulate the binding of calcitonin and amylin peptides to the related calcitonin receptor (CTR) and in the years since an ever-growing number of RAMP-interacting receptors have been identified including most if not all of the 15 class B GPCRs and several GPCRs from other families. Studies of CLR, CTR, and a handful of other GPCRs revealed that RAMPs are able to modulate various aspects of receptor function including trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling. Here, we review RAMP interactions and functions with an emphasis on class B receptors for which our understanding is most advanced. A key focus is to discuss recent evidence that RAMPs serve as endogenous allosteric modulators of CLR and CTR. We discuss structural studies of RAMP-CLR complexes and CTR and biochemical and pharmacological studies that collectively have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of these class B GPCRs. Last, we consider the implications of these findings for drug development targeting RAMP-CLR/CTR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liao C, de Molliens MP, Schneebeli ST, Brewer M, Song G, Chatenet D, Braas KM, May V, Li J. Targeting the PAC1 Receptor for Neurological and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1399-1417. [PMID: 31284862 PMCID: PMC6761004 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190709092647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-selective PAC1 receptor (PAC1R, ADCYAP1R1) is a member of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/secretin/glucagon family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). PAC1R has been shown to play crucial roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The activation of PAC1R initiates diverse downstream signal transduction pathways, including adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, MEK/ERK, and Akt pathways that regulate a number of physiological systems to maintain functional homeostasis. Accordingly, at times of tissue injury or insult, PACAP/PAC1R activation of these pathways can be trophic to blunt or delay apoptotic events and enhance cell survival. Enhancing PAC1R signaling under these conditions has the potential to mitigate cellular damages associated with cerebrovascular trauma (including stroke), neurodegeneration (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), or peripheral organ insults. Conversely, maladaptive PACAP/PAC1R signaling has been implicated in a number of disorders, including stressrelated psychopathologies (i.e., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and related abnormalities), chronic pain and migraine, and metabolic diseases; abrogating PAC1R signaling under these pathological conditions represent opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Given the diverse PAC1R-mediated biological activities, the receptor has emerged as a relevant pharmaceutical target. In this review, we first describe the current knowledge regarding the molecular structure, dynamics, and function of PAC1R. Then, we discuss the roles of PACAP and PAC1R in the activation of a variety of signaling cascades related to the physiology and diseases of the nervous system. Lastly, we examine current drug design and development of peptides and small molecules targeting PAC1R based on a number of structure- activity relationship studies and key pharmacophore elements. At present, the rational design of PAC1R-selective peptide or small-molecule therapeutics is largely hindered by the lack of structural information regarding PAC1R activation mechanisms, the PACAP-PAC1R interface, and the core segments involved in receptor activation. Understanding the molecular basis governing the PACAP interactions with its different cognate receptors will undoubtedly provide a basis for the development and/or refinement of receptor-selective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | | | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Gaojie Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karen M Braas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Victor May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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Sakamoto K, Koyama R, Kamada Y, Miwa M, Tani A. Discovery of artificial VIPR2-antagonist peptides possessing receptor- and ligand-selectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1973-1979. [PMID: 30077368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2, also known as VPAC2) is a class B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and plays important roles in the physiology of central nervous system (CNS) by interaction with natural ligands; vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Because it has been reported that high-expression and/or overactivation of VIPR2 link to schizophrenic symptoms, VIPR2 antagonists could be good drug candidates for schizophrenia therapeutics. In this study, we discovered several artificial peptides that antagonize both human and rodent VIPR2 with selectivities against receptor subtypes VIPR1 (also known as VPAC1) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type-1 receptor (PAC1). Of them, the representative 16-mer cyclic peptide VIpep-3 (Ac-CPPYLPRRLCTLLLRS-OH) exhibited strong binding affinity with KD value of 41 nM to extracellular domain of human VIPR2 in SPR analysis and showed potent antagonist activity with IC50 values of 47 nM (human), 180 nM (mouse), and 44 nM (rat) against VIP-VIPR2 signal in cell-based Ca influx assay. This is not only the first report on artificial VIPR2-selective antagonist peptides but also good example of the effective approach to discover novel antagonist against class B GPCR. Our peptides will contribute to study and development of the novel CNS drugs targeting to VIPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Ryokichi Koyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
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Crowley BM, Stump CA, Nguyen DN, Potteiger CM, McWherter MA, Paone DV, Quigley AG, Bruno JG, Cui D, Culberson JC, Danziger A, Fandozzi C, Gauvreau D, Kemmerer AL, Menzel K, Moore EL, Mosser SD, Reddy V, White RB, Salvatore CA, Kane SA, Bell IM, Selnick HG, Fraley ME, Burgey CS. Novel oxazolidinone calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists for the acute treatment of migraine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4777-4781. [PMID: 26231160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to develop CGRP receptor antagonists as backups to MK-3207, 2, we employed a scaffold hopping approach to identify a series of novel oxazolidinone-based compounds. The development of a structurally diverse, potent (20, cAMP+HS IC50=0.67 nM), and selective compound (hERG IC50=19 μM) with favorable rodent pharmacokinetics (F=100%, t1/2=7h) is described. Key to this development was identification of a 3-substituted spirotetrahydropyran ring that afforded a substantial gain in potency (10 to 35-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Craig A Stump
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Diem N Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig M Potteiger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Melody A McWherter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Daniel V Paone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Amy G Quigley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Joseph G Bruno
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - J Christopher Culberson
- Department of Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew Danziger
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christine Fandozzi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Danny Gauvreau
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Highway, Kirkland, Quebec H9H 3L1, Canada
| | - Amanda L Kemmerer
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Karsten Menzel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric L Moore
- Department of Pain & Migraine, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Scott D Mosser
- Department of In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Vijay Reddy
- Department of Genetic Tox & Molecular Carcinogenesis, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Rebecca B White
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Stefanie A Kane
- Department of Pain & Migraine, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Ian M Bell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Harold G Selnick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark E Fraley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher S Burgey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, WP14-2, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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