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Silva GM, Berto DH, Lima CA, Waitman KB, Lima CFG, Prezoto BC, Vieira ML, Rocha MMT, Gonçalves LRC, Andrade SA. Synergistic effect of serine protease inhibitors and a bothropic antivenom in reducing local hemorrhage and coagulopathy caused by Bothrops jararaca venom. Toxicon 2021; 199:87-93. [PMID: 34126124 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite accidents are a public health problem that affects the whole world, causing thousands of deaths and amputations each year. In Brazil, snakebite envenomations are caused mostly by snakes from the Bothrops genus. The local symptoms are characterized by pain, swelling, ecchymosis, and hemorrhages. Systemic disturbances can lead to necrosis and amputations. The present treatment consists of intravenous administration of bothropic antivenom, which is capable of reversing most of the systemic symptoms, while presenting limitations to treat the local effects, such as hemorrhage and to neutralize the snake venom serine protease (SVSP). In this context, we aimed to evaluate the activity of selective serine protease inhibitors (pepC and pepB) in combination with the bothropic antivenom in vivo. Further, we assessed their possible synergistic effect in the treatment of coagulopathy and hemorrhage induced by Bothrops jararaca venom. For this, we evaluated the in vivo activity in mouse models of local hemorrhage and a series of in vitro hemostasis assays. Our results showed that pepC and pepB, when combinated with the antivenom, increase its protective activity in vivo and decrease the hemostatic disturbances in vitro with high selectivity, possibly by inhibiting botropic proteases. These data suggest that the addition of serine protease inhibitor to the antivenom can improve its overall potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Silva
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - D H Berto
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Lima
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K B Waitman
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C F G Lima
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B C Prezoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M M T Rocha
- Laboratory of Herpetology - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L R C Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Andrade
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling - Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jun Z, Ming-Ming L, Qian-Qing Z, Yun-Hong W, Chong-Yang Z, Xin L. Functional identification of factor VIII B domain regions in hepatocyte cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:633-640. [PMID: 32248973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) functions as a cofactor within the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation in process of FX activation by FIXa, for which deficiency results in the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. The gene of FVIII contains 26 exons that code for a 19 amino acid signal peptide and a 2332 amino acid polypeptide with a domain structure designated A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2, of which the A domains are homologous with each other, as are the C domains. It has been well-documented that both the domains are the necessary elements for FVIII activities. The B domain is highly glycosylated and has a variable sequence, even among FVIIIs from different species. The B domain plays versatile roles in FVIII lifespan except for coagulation activity, but the functional characteristics of its specific regions remain still obscure. A series of recombinant FVIIIs (rFVIIIs) with B domain truncated were constructed and transiently expressed in hepatocyte cells. Media and cell lysates were collected after 72 h for the analyses of FVIII biosynthesis, secretion, activity and stability in ex vivo plasma relative to the full length wild-type FVIII. Unexpectedly, various regions in B domain exhibited different contribution to these functionalities. The discovery might facilitate the bioengineered rFVIIIs and gene therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lin Ming-Ming
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhang Qian-Qing
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wang Yun-Hong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Chong-Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Xin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Oncology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Rengifo-Rios AM, Muñoz-Gómez LM, Cabezas-Fajardo FA, Guerrero-Vargas JA. Edematic and coagulant effects caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus neutralized by the ethanolic extract of Piper auritum. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 242:112046. [PMID: 31279070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Colombia, the only authorized treatment to cure snakebite envenomation is with the use of antivenom. The antivenom neutralizes the systemic effects properly, but is not very effective at neutralizing local effects, thus several cases have lead to complications. On the other hand, rural communities turn to the use of plants that are easily accessible and available for basic health care. One of these plants is named Piper auritum (PA), which is traditionally highlighted in some indigenous communities of Antioquia and Chocó. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of this work was to characterize the venom's toxicity by determining the Minimum Edema Dose (MED), the Minimum Coagulant Dose-Plasma (MCD-P), the Minimum Hemorrhagic Dose (MHD) and to determine the neutralizing power of the Total Ethanolic Extract (TEE) from leaves of PA on the localized and systemic effects caused by the Bothrops rhombeatus venom. MATERIALS AND METHODS To begin, the minimum dose that causes edema-forming, coagulant and hemorrhagic activities was determined. The protocols investigated include coagulant and edematic activities caused by the venom of Bothrops rhombeatus which were neutralized by the TEE of PA. RESULTS The MCD-P was found to be 0.206 ± 0.026 μg, the MED is the same at 0.768 ± 0.065 μg, and the MHD is 3.553 ± 0.292 μg, which are different from the reports for Bothrops asper and Bothrops ayerbei. Next, a phytochemical screening was done to the TEE where mainly triterpenes, steroids, coumarins, saponins, and lignans were identified. Also present were 43,733 ± 2106 mg AG/g ES of phenols, which are secondary metabolites that are probably responsible for the neutralization of coagulant and edematic activities at rates of 2363.870 μL and 1787.708 μL of extract/mg of venom, respectively. As a comparative parameter, the National Institute Health's (NHI) effective dose of the antivenom was used as a comparative parameter. In addition, we determined the toxicity of the TEE of PA on to Artemia salina, being moderately toxic at 6 and 24 h, while the essential oil of PA at the same observation hours is in the extremely toxic range. CONCLUSIONS The results reflect that the extract of P. auritum has an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the NIH serum. It could be used as a complement of NIH antivenom, using them together so it contributes to effectively reduce inflammation and the socio-economic impact generated by the permanence of a patient victim of snakebite in health centers. CLASSIFICATIONS Immunological products and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Marcela Rengifo-Rios
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Muñoz-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Fabio Antonio Cabezas-Fajardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Química, Grupo Química de Compuestos Bioactivos, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Jimmy Alexander Guerrero-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Bioterio, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
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Zhang X, Yu Q, Jiang H, Ma C, David Wang HM, Wang J, Kang WY. A novel polysaccharide from Malus halliana Koehne with coagulant activity. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107813. [PMID: 31541938 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide in Malus halliana Koehne, named MHP-W, was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. Structural features were identified by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatography (GC) and (1D & 2D) NMR Spectroscopy. Structural characterization showed that the molecular weight of MHP-W was 353 kDa composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.59: 0.15: 0.23: 0.25: 9.70. The existence of β-glycosidic bond between the sugar units was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The effects of MHP-W on active part thrombin time (APTT), protothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) were screened by a cell-based coagulation activity model. MHP-W could significantly shorten TT (p < 0.001) and increase FIB (p < 0.05) as compared with the control group. The results showed that MHP-W promoted bloodclotting through endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways as well as increasing fibrinogen content, which indicated that MHP-W had procoagulant activities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Huimin Jiang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hui Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Nong W, Zhao A, Wei J, Lin X, Wang L, Lin C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of cinnamic acid amide derivatives as potent haemostatic agents containing a 2-aminothiazole substructure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4506-4511. [PMID: 28844387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ten new cinnamic acid derivatives containing a 2-aminothiazole substructure were designed and synthesized. This series of compounds exhibited good thermostabilities as demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis. In coagulation assays (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time) in vitro, most compounds demonstrated excellent activities to promote blood coagulation. Among the studied series, compounds N1, N4, N5 and W5 exhibited a significant coagulation activity. Further studies indicated that compound N5 (IC50=1.87μmol/L) displayed the most suitable efficacy of promoting platelet aggregation than the clinically used haemostatic drug etamsylate (IC50=46.22μmol/L). Furthermore, the relationship between the functional groups of the compounds and the corresponding blood coagulant activity was explored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Nong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineer in Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - Jinrui Wei
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineer in Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Cuiwu Lin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineer in Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Cao P, Xie P, Wang X, Wang J, Wei J, Kang WY. Chemical constituents and coagulation activity of Agastache rugosa. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:93. [PMID: 28166786 PMCID: PMC5294890 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In the Chinese traditional medicine, plant of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze (A. rugosa) has been used to treat nausea, vomiting and dispel damp. However, currently, few reports about the chemical constituents, especially the non-volatile components of A. rugosa are available. Methods Through separation with various column chromatographies to elucidate the chemical constituents of A. rugosa, the biological activities of the major constituents were investigated. The extracts and main constituents of A. rugosa were evaluated for their anticoagulant effects by assaying the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro. Results Seven known compounds (namely compounds 1–7) were isolated from the aerial parts of A. rugosa. They were identified as methyl hexadecanoate (1), β-sitosterol (2), acacetin (3), ursolic acid (4), apigenin (5), protocatechuic acid (6) and tilianin (7), respectively. Compounds 1 and 6 were isolated from the genus Agastache for the first time, and compound 4 was obtained from the plants for the first time. The results showed that the extract of A. rugosa had a significant procoagulant activity by shortening the time of PT (P < 0.001) and increasing FIB content (P < 0.001), as compared with Vitamin K1. While its major constituents acacetin and tilianin exhibited significant anticoagulant activities by prolonging the times of PT, APTT, TT and reducing FIB content (P < 0.001), as compared with blank control group. Conclusions The total extract of A. rugosa possessed significant procoagulant activity, while its main components, acacetin and tilianin possessed significant anticoagulant activities. Further investigation should be pursued to find out the bioactivity components responsible for the procoagulant action of the plant.
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