Association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in over 190,000 individuals: data from two prospective studies

We examined the association of coffee drinking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a pooled analysis of two Korean prospective cohort studies: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We included 192,222 participants, and a total of 6057 deaths were documented. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the HRs were combined using a random-effects model. Coffee drinking was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.77-0.92), for ≥3 cups/day of coffee drinking versus non-drinkers; p for trend = 0.004]. We observed the potential benefit of coffee drinking for mortality due to cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes, but not for cancer mortality. Overall, we found that moderate coffee drinking was associated with a lower risk of death in population-based cohort analysis of Korean adults.

Association between hypertension and coffee drinking based on CYP1A2 rs762551 single nucleotide polymorphism in Taiwanese

Background

Hypertension increases the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is related to caffeine metabolism and the risk of CVD among coffee drinkers. CYP1A2 rs762551 influenced the risk of stroke among hypertensive patients. We examined the relationship between hypertension and coffee drinking based on CYP1A2 rs762551 SNP in Taiwanese adults.

Methods

We used data contained in the Taiwan Biobank database (2011–2018) and included 19,133 participants having complete information on hypertension, rs762551 polymorphism, coffee intake, etc. The risk of hypertension was determined using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Coffee intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value were 0.877, 0.807–0.954, and 0.0032, respectively. CYP1A2 rs762551 was not significantly associated with the risk of hypertension, but it had a significant interactive association with coffee drinking (p value = 0.0303). After stratification by rs762551 genotypes, the inverse coffee drinking-hypertension association was retained, but significant results were observed only in those with the AC + CC genotype (OR 0.678, 95% CI 0.722–900, p value = 0.0001). According to the combination of coffee drinking and rs762551 genotypes (reference group: no coffee drinking and rs762551 AA), the coffee drinking-AC + CC group had a lower risk of hypertension (OR 0.888, 95% CI 0.789–0.999, p value = 0.0483).

Conclusion

Coffee drinking, particularly among individuals with the CYP1A2 rs762551 AC + CC genotype was associated with lower odds of hypertension.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Mild to Moderate Alcoholic Hepatitis

Introduction & Aim

Much is known about alcoholic hepatitis (AH) that is severe enough to require hospitalization. The characteristics of individuals with alcoholic hepatitis presenting with mild to moderate severity are not well understood. In this study we investigated the risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of mild to moderate AH.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty five Individuals with AH enrolled into a multicenter, prospective, observational study between 12/2014 and 4/2018 were included. Participants were seen at enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months. Mild to moderate AH (M-AH) was defined as MELD ≤ 20 at presentation whereas severe AH as MELD ≥ 21.

Results

One hundred individuals had M-AH whereas 155 had severe AH. Individuals with M-AH were older (49 vs 44 years, p=0.01), had lower BMI (27 vs 31 kg/m2, p=0.0007) and more likely to be male (68% vs 55%, p=0.046) compared to severe AH group. A higher proportion in M-AH group consumed coffee in the last 5 years compared to the severe AH (29% vs 18%, p=0.03), and fewer had PNPLA3 risk allele G (p=0.019) compared to the severe AH group. Average drinks per drinking day (12.9 vs 10.7, p=0.13) and total number of drinks in last 30 day period (331 vs 280, p=0.14) were not different between two groups. Compared to severe AH, patients with M-AH had significantly lower mortality at 30 days (2% vs. 13.6%), 90 days (3% vs. 22.6%), and 12 months (10.4% vs. 31.4%) (p <0.001 for all).

Conclusions

Individuals with mild to moderate AH were older, less obese, drank coffee more often and carried more favorable PNPLA3 genotype compared to severe AH, despite similar alcohol consumption. Mild to moderate AH had substantial mortality with one in ten dying by 12 months. (Word Count 286).