1
|
Nyffeler J, Willis C, Harris FR, Taylor LW, Judson R, Everett LJ, Harrill JA. Combining phenotypic profiling and targeted RNA-Seq reveals linkages between transcriptional perturbations and chemical effects on cell morphology: Retinoic acid as an example. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116032. [PMID: 35483669 PMCID: PMC10894461 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a tiered testing strategy for chemical hazard evaluation based on new approach methods (NAMs). The first tier includes in vitro profiling assays applicable to many (human) cell types, such as high-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) and high-throughput phenotypic profiling (HTPP). The goals of this study were to: (1) harmonize the seeding density of U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells for use in both assays; (2) compare HTTr- versus HTPP-derived potency estimates for 11 mechanistically diverse chemicals; (3) identify candidate reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance in future screens; and (4) characterize the transcriptional and phenotypic changes in detail for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a model compound known for its adverse effects on osteoblast differentiation. The results of this evaluation showed that (1) HTPP conducted at low (400 cells/well) and high (3000 cells/well) seeding densities yielded comparable potency estimates and similar phenotypic profiles for the tested chemicals; (2) HTPP and HTTr resulted in comparable potency estimates for changes in cellular morphology and gene expression, respectively; (3) three test chemicals (etoposide, ATRA, dexamethasone) produced concentration-dependent effects on cellular morphology and gene expression that were consistent with known modes-of-action, demonstrating their suitability for use as reference chemicals for monitoring assay performance; and (4) ATRA produced phenotypic changes that were highly similar to other retinoic acid receptor activators (AM580, arotinoid acid) and some retinoid X receptor activators (bexarotene, methoprene acid). This phenotype was observed concurrently with autoregulation of the RARB gene. Both effects were prevented by pre-treating U-2 OS cells with pharmacological antagonists of their respective receptors. Thus, the observed phenotype could be considered characteristic of retinoic acid pathway activation in U-2 OS cells. These findings lay the groundwork for combinatorial screening of chemicals using HTTr and HTPP to generate complementary information for the first tier of a NAM-based chemical hazard evaluation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nyffeler
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Clinton Willis
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Felix R Harris
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) National Student Services Contractor, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Laura W Taylor
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Richard Judson
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Logan J Everett
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Harrill
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27711, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nallani SC, Li W, Calderon SN, Fields E, Roca RA, Xu Y, Zhao L, Fang L, Sahajwalla CG, Zineh I. Concentration-Response Model of Immediate Release Oxycodone Drug Liking by Different Routes of Abuse. Pain Med 2021; 23:1311-1322. [PMID: 34865125 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the correlation between oxycodone concentration and drug liking response for immediate-release formulations as they relate to different doses and different routes of administration following manipulation involved in opioid misuse and nontherapeutic use. METHODS Concentration-response and noncompartmental analyses of drug liking and plasma oxycodone data from Category 3 human abuse potential studies (n = 15 to 29 per study) were conducted, using Phoenix 6.0 software. Time to onset of a set threshold of subjective effects (Tonset) and offset of subjective effects (Toffset) were estimated based on a baseline pharmacodynamic response set at 50 on a bipolar Drug Liking visual analog scale of 0-100 and the threshold for drug liking set at ≥ 65, based on study qualification criteria. Partial Area Under the Concentration (AUCTonset-Toffset) and Effect (AUETonset-Toffset) profiles were calculated and their correlation with individual partial AUE vs. partial AUC was assessed. RESULTS The oxycodone concentration-response (drug liking) was best described by a sigmoidal-effect Emax model (S-shaped). Using a defined threshold, drug liking was closely associated with the rate of rise in concentration and the onset of action for oxycodone administered via oral or intranasal route. Partial AUCTonset-Toffset and AUETonset-Toffset showed a strong linear correlation. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that oxycodone concentration-response and duration of drug liking following manipulation via different routes of administration may be an approach for further exploring drug liking effects of opioids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth C Nallani
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Current affiliation: Hefei University of Technology A-Level Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Silvia N Calderon
- Controlled Substance Staff, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Fields
- Current affiliation: Hertz and Fields Consulting, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Addiction Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rigoberto A Roca
- Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Addiction Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun Xu
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Chandrahas G Sahajwalla
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Issam Zineh
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|