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Liu Q, Xu X, Zeng J, Huang W, Xu X, Shou L, Chen Q. Development of marine water quality criteria for inorganic mercury in China based on the retrievable toxicity data and a comparison with relevant criteria or guidelines. Ecotoxicology 2019; 28:412-421. [PMID: 30874993 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of marine water quality criteria (WQC) in China has been insufficient because data on the toxicity of pollutants for marine organisms based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method are lacking. The Chinese aquatic environmental quality standards, including those for seawater, were derived from the developed countries. Therefore, establishing Chinese marine WQC is crucial for identifying the sensitivity of marine species in China and will improve their protection from threats. Mercury (Hg) is one of the primary pollutants commonly exceeding Chinese seawater quality standards. Several countries have developed their marine WQC for inorganic Hg in the past decades, but no study has been conducted in China. In this study, 45 acute toxicity and 14 chronic toxicity data of inorganic Hg on the marine species which inhabit in China were obtained mainly from the ECOTOX database, the CNKI, and the Google Scholar. The acute and chronic hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) were calculated based on the best-fit distribution model Sweibull. The criteria for maximum and continuous concentrations of 1.30 and 0.66 μg/L, respectively, for inorganic Hg to protect marine organisms in China were derived by halving the HC5 values. The criteria were comparable to those of the United States, Australia, and the European Union countries, indicating the general applicability of WQCs developed based on the classical SSD method using different species groups. This study may provide valuable information for assessing marine ecological risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Ocean College of Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xudan Xu
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lu Shou
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Quanzhen Chen
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 36, Baochu North Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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Wen J, Cui X, Gibson M, Li Z. Water quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for triphenyltin in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:397-401. [PMID: 29906758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is one of the most toxic chemicals artificially discharged into aquatic environment with human activities. Due to its intensive use in antifouling paints and adverse effects on non-target species, TPT has aroused wide concern in both saltwater and freshwater environment. Nevertheless, the water quality criteria (WQC) are not available in China, which impedes the risk assessment for this emerging pollutant. This study aims to establish the WQC of TPT for both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. With the derived WQC, a four-level tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach was employed to assess the ecological risks of this emerging pollutant in Chinese waters. Through the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology, the freshwater criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) were derived as 396 ng Sn L-1 and 5.60 ng Sn L-1, respectively, whereas the saltwater CMC and CCC were 66.5 ng Sn L-1 and 4.11 ng Sn L-1, respectively. The ecological risk assessment for TPT demonstrated that the acute risk was negligible whereas the chronic risk was significant with HQ (Hazard Quotient) values of up to 5.669 and 57.1% of coastal waters in China facing clear risk. TPT contamination in coastal environment, therefore, warrants further concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Mark Gibson
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3J 2X4
| | - Zhengyan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
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Zheng L, Liu Z, Yan Z, Yi X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhu Y. Deriving water quality criteria for trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. Sci Total Environ 2017; 587-588:68-74. [PMID: 28249751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a common trace element whose oxidation states mainly include four types (-3, 0, +3, and +5), and inorganic As(III) and As(V) are regarded as the most commonly existing forms in aqueous environments. Generally, As(III) has a higher toxicity than As(V) due to the different mechanisms in arsenic toxicity. However, there are few studies about the water quality criteria (WQC) of As(III) and As(V) respectively because of the deficiency of arsenic toxicity data coming from diverse taxonomic groups. In this research, eight native Chinese aquatic organisms were adopted to conduct toxicity tests for As(III) and As(V) to supplement the published toxicity data. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method on the basis of the Log-normal model which was the most optimal among eight models was applied to derive WQCs of As(III) and As(V). Results showed that crustaceans were the most sensitive to As(III) and As(V) among all tested species, thus they could be a biological indicator, and the influence of pH values on arsenic toxicity was complex and species-specific. Besides, the sensitivity differences between native and non-native species were observed. Finally, a criterion maximum concentration (CMC) of 167 and 384μg/L for As(III) and As(V), and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 42 and 44μg/L for As(III) and As(V) were derived using native species, regardless of pH values. The WQCs were also verified by other two methods of ETX 2.0 and species sensitivity rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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