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Abia C, López CA, Gainza J, Rodrigues JES, Fragoso B, Ferrer MM, Fernández-Díaz MT, Fauth F, Martínez JL, Alonso JA. Structural Features and Optical Properties of All-Inorganic Zero-Dimensional Halides Cs 4PbBr 6-xI x Obtained by Mechanochemistry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40762-40771. [PMID: 37595125 PMCID: PMC10472433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of hybrid CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in photovoltaics, ascribed to its excellent optical absorption properties, its instability toward moisture is still an insurmountable drawback. All-inorganic perovskites are much less sensitive to humidity and have potential interest for solar cell applications. Alternative strategies have been developed to design novel materials with appealing properties, which include different topologies for the octahedral arrangements from three-dimensional (3D, e.g., CsPbBr3 perovskite) or two-dimensional (2D, e.g., CsPb2Br5) to zero-dimensional (0D, i.e., without connection between octahedra), as the case of Cs4PbX6 (X = Br, I) halides. The crystal structure of these materials is complex, and their thermal evolution is unexplored. In this work, we describe the synthesis of Cs4PbBr6-xIx (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) halides by mechanochemical procedures with green credentials; these specimens display excellent crystallinity enabling a detailed structural investigation from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXRD) data, essential to revisit some features in the temperature range of 90-298 K. In all this regime, the structure is defined in the trigonal R3̅c space group (#167). The presence of Cs and X vacancies suggests some ionic mobility into the crystal structure of these 0D halides. Bond valence maps (BVMs) are useful in determining isovalent surfaces for both Cs4PbBr6 and Cs4PbI6 phases, unveiling the likely ionic pathways for cesium and bromide ions and showing a full 3D connection in the bromide phase, in contrast to the iodide one. On the other hand, the evolution of the anisotropic displacement parameters is useful to evaluate the Debye temperatures, confirming that Cs atoms have more freedom to move, while Pb is more confined at its site, likely due to a higher covalency degree in Pb-X bonds than that in Cs-X bonds. Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy shows that the optical band gap can be tuned depending on iodine content (x) in the range of 3.6-3.06 eV. From density functional theory (DFT) simulations, the general trend of reducing the band gap when Br is replaced by I is well reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Abia
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institut
Laue Langevin, BP 156X, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Carlos A. López
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- INTEQUI,
(UNSL-CONICET) and Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y
Farmacia, UNSL, Almirante
Brown 1455, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Javier Gainza
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - João Elias
F. S. Rodrigues
- CELLS−ALBA
Synchrotron, Cerdanyola
del Valles, Barcelona E-08290, Spain
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Brenda Fragoso
- CCAF, PPGCEM/CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mateus M. Ferrer
- CCAF, PPGCEM/CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - François Fauth
- CELLS−ALBA
Synchrotron, Cerdanyola
del Valles, Barcelona E-08290, Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Alonso
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Li C, Zhou S, Nie J, Huang J, Ouyang X, Xu Q. Durable Flexible Polymer-Encapsulated Cs 4PbI 6 Thin Film for High Sensitivity X-ray Detection. Nano Lett 2021; 21:10279-10283. [PMID: 34851648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of the extraordinary properties including high atomic numbers and large μτ products, metal halide perovskites have been widely employed and used for radiation detecting. Cs4PbI6 material has a high X-ray attenuation coefficient and excellent electrical properties that have a good potential in X-ray detection applications. Here, we have designed a flexible polymer-encapsulated Au/Cs4PbI6/Au X-ray detector with outstanding sensitivity of 256.20 μC Gy-1 cm-2 irradiated by 30 keV X-ray at 10 V bias, long-time stability, and durable flexibility without obvious degradation after bending for 600 cycles. These features demonstrate that this polymer-encapsulated durable flexible and sensitive X-ray detector could open a new possibility for next-generation radiation applications in dosimeter, imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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Bao Z, Hsiu CY, Fang MH, Majewska N, Sun W, Huang SJ, Yuan ECY, Chang YC, Chan JCC, Mahlik S, Zhou W, Yang CW, Lu KM, Liu RS. Formation and Near-Infrared Emission of CsPbI 3 Nanoparticles Embedded in Cs 4PbI 6 Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:34742-34751. [PMID: 34264640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cs4PbI6, as a rarely investigated member of the Cs4PbX6 (X is a halogen element) family, has been successfully synthesized at low temperatures, and the synthetic conditions have been optimized. Metal iodides such as LiI, KI, NiI2, CoI2, and ZnI2, as additives, play an important role in enhancing the formation of the Cs4PbI6 microcrystals. ZnI2 with the lowest dissociation energy is the most efficient additive to supply iodide ions, and its amount of addition has also been optimized. Strong red to near-infrared (NIR) emission properties have been detected, and its optical emission centers have been identified to be numerous embedded perovskite-type α-CsPbI3 nanocrystallites (∼5 nm in diameter) based on investigations of temperature- and pressure-dependent photoluminescent properties. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to detect these hidden nanoparticles, although the material was highly beam-sensitive and confirmed a "raisin bread"-like structure of the Cs4PbI6 crystals. A NIR mini-LED for the biological application has been successfully fabricated using as-synthesized Cs4PbI6 crystals. This work provides information for the future development of infrared fluorescent nanoscale perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Hsiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Huai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Natalia Majewska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Weihao Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Sebastian Mahlik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Wuzong Zhou
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Chia-Wei Yang
- Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 238, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Mao Lu
- Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 238, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center of Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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