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Wang C, Wu R, Chen K, Zhu S. Enantioselective Synthesis of Biscyclopropanes Using Alkynes as Dicarbene Equivalents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202305864. [PMID: 37212347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral biscyclopropanes are an important skeleton in many bioactive molecules. However, there are few routes to synthesize these molecules with high stereoselectivity due to the nature of multiple stereocenters. Herein, we report the first example of Rh2(II)-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of bicyclopropanes with alkynes as dicarbene equivalents. The bicyclopropanes with 4-5 vicinal stereocenters and 2-3 all-carbon quaternary centers were constructed in excellent stereoselectivity. This protocol features high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, the protocol was also extended to the cascaded cyclopropanation/cyclopropenation with excellent stereoselectivities. In these processes, both sp-carbons of alkyne were converted into stereogenic sp3-carbons. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the cooperative weak hydrogen bonds between the substrates and the dirhodium catalyst may play key roles in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Wang
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Rui Wu
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kai Chen
- Central South University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Shifa Zhu
- South China University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510640, Guangzhou, CHINA
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2
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Zhu BH, Ye SB, Nie ML, Xie ZY, Wang YB, Qian PC, Sun Q, Ye LW, Li L. I 2 -Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Ynamides: Chemoselective and Divergent Access to Indole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215616. [PMID: 36573021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an I2 -catalyzed unprecedented cycloisomerization of ynamides is developed, furnishing various functionalized bis(indole) derivatives in generally good to excellent yields with wide substrate scope and excellent atom-economy. This protocol not only represents the first molecular-iodine-catalyzed tandem complex alkyne cycloisomerizations, but also constitutes the first chemoselective cycloisomerization of tryptamine-ynamides involving distinctively different C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond cleavage and rearrangement. Moreover, chiral tetrahydropyridine frameworks containing two stereocenters are obtained with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. Meanwhile, cycloisomerization and aromatization of ynamides produce pyrrolyl indoles with high efficiency enabled by I2 . Additionally, control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that this reaction probably undergoes a tandem 5-exo-dig cyclization/rearrangement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Ye
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Min-Ling Nie
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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3
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Abstract
Ynamide, a unique species with inherited polarization of nitrogen lone pair electron to triple bond, has been largely used for the developement of novel synthetic methods and the construction of unusual N-bearing heterocycles. The reaction versatility of ynamide on umpolung reactivity, radical reactions and asymmetric synthesis have been recently reviewed. This review provides an overall scenic view into the gold catalyzed transformation of ynamides. The ynamides reactivity towards nitrogen-transfer reagents, such as azides, nitrogen ylides, isoxazoles, and anthranils; oxygen atom-transfer reagents, like nitrones, sulfoxides, and pyridine N-oxides; and carbon nucleophiles under gold catalysis are herein uncovered. The scope as well the mechanistic insights of each reaction is also briefed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shubham Dutta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akhila K Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Hyderabad, India
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4
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Praveen C. Cycloisomerization of π-Coupled Heteroatom Nucleophiles by Gold Catalysis: En Route to Regiochemically Defined Heterocycles. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1697-1737. [PMID: 34061426 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since the dawn of millennium, catalytic gold chemistry is at the forefront to set off diverse organic reactions via unique activation of π-bonded molecules. Within this purview, cycloisomerization of heteroatom nucleophiles linked to a π-system is one of the well recognized chemistry for the construction of numerous heterocyclic cores. Though the rudimentary aspects of this transformation are reviewed by several groups in different timeline, a holistic view on regiochemistry of such reactions went largely overlooked. Hence, this account emphasizes the gold catalyzed regioselective cycloisomerization of structurally distinctive π-connected hetero-nucleophiles leading to different heterocycles documented in the last two decades. From an application perspective, this account also highlights those methodologies which find a role in the total synthesis of natural products. Wherever appropriate, mechanistic details and contributing factors for selectivity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory), Alagappapuram, Karaikudi, 630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar K, Kumar P, Singh B, Yadav S, Mishra UK, Ansari AJ, Ramasastry SSV. Hypothesis-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations for the Construction of New Molecular Architectures. Chem Rec 2021; 21:3470-3482. [PMID: 33971073 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of new synthetic protocols to access diverse molecular scaffolds from readily available starting compounds is of significance in both academia and industry. Towards this, the catalysis by transition metals has been employed as a powerful tool to access molecules with broad structural and functional diversity. An overview of the recent literature manifested the tremendous potential of transition metal-catalyzed processes in advancing organic synthesis in a new direction. This account compiles new conceptual advancements in the palladium-catalyzed Alder-ene type cycloisomerization reactions, C-H functionalizations, and one-pot multicatalytic processes, which have become essential tools to access new classes of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Bara Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sonu Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Uttam K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Arshad J Ansari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab, 140306, India
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Borketey JB, Opoku E, Tia R, Adei E. The mechanisms of gallium-catalysed skeletal rearrangement of 1,6-enynes - Insights from quantum mechanical computations. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 94:107476. [PMID: 31627116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition metal-catalysed skeletal reorganization of 1,6-enynes can lead to three types of products - a type I product occurring via the cleavage of the alkene C-C bonds and the migration of the terminal alkene carbon to the terminus of the alkyne; a type II product arising from cleavage of both the double and the triple bonds followed by insertion of the terminal alkene carbon into the alkyne C-C triple bond; and a type III product which is obtained when there is a cleavage of the olefinic bond followed by formation of two new bonds from each carbon to each of the acetylenic carbons. The course of these reactions is highly dependent on the metal catalyst used and type of substitution at the alkene and alkyne moieties of the enyne. In this mechanistic study of the re-organization of 1,6-enynes catalysed by GaCl3, performed at the DFT M06/6-311G(d,p) level of theory, the parent reaction selectively leads to the formation of the type I product through the formation of the open cyclopropane ring. The presence of substituents at the acetylenic moiety governs the preferred position of the metal along the alkyne bond within the pi-complex: with electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs), the metal prefers the terminal carbon while electron-donating groups (EDGs) lead to the metal preferring the internal carbon. EWGs at the alkyne moiety efficiently favour the formation of the type I product. Substituents at the olefin moiety alter the mechanism of the reaction which may favour the selective formation of the type I or III product depending on the type of substituent. EWGs at the olefinic moiety favour formation of the type III product when the alkyne moiety is unsubstituted whiles EDGs forms the type I product selectively. Solvent and temperature have no substantial effects on the energetic trends and product distribution. Hence, gas-phase calculations are deemed adequate for the problem at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bortey Borketey
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ernest Opoku
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Richard Tia
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Evans Adei
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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7
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Zhang X, Li S, Wei X, Lei Y. Computational study of Ru-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2-alkynylanilides. J Mol Model 2018; 24:162. [PMID: 29904890 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Ru-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2-alkynylanilides to 3-substituted indole or 2-substituted indole was analyzed at the B3LYP level of density functional theory. The solvation effect of the system was also considered by SMD model. The calculation results show that the reaction system first forms a ruthenium π-alkyne complex. On the one hand, the cyclization reaction of the amino group and the alkyne carbon in the reaction precursor complex directly forms the 2-substituted indole product. On the other hand, the benzene ring in the reaction complex undergoes 1,2-carbon migration on the C≡C triple bond to form the vinylidene complex. After cyclization and hydrogen transfer, the catalyst is regenerated to obtain 3-substituted indole product. The latter reaction process has relatively lower activation free energy and is also the main reaction channel for this reaction, which is consistent with published experimental results. This study provides a reasonable reaction mechanism and effective experimental supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, 730010, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, 730010, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, 730010, China
| | - Yun Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, 730010, China
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Shiroodi RK, Vera CIR, Dudnik AS, Gevorgyan V. Synthesis of furans and pyrroles via migratory and double migratory cycloisomerization reactions of homopropargylic aldehydes and imines. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3251-3254. [PMID: 26185336 PMCID: PMC4500526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold-catalyzed divergent sysnthesis of furans and pyrroles employing readily available homopropargylic aldehydes and imines have been developed. The regiochemical outcome of this reaction is dependent on the substituent on the terminal alkyne of substrate. Thus, substrates possessing alkyl and aryl substituent at the alkyne moiety produce 2,3,5-substituted furans and pyrroles via a migratory cycloisomerizaton reaction. Whereas, their silicon analogues are capable to undergo a double migratory process leading to 2,3,4-substituted heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Kazem Shiroodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, United States
| | - Claudia I. Rivera Vera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, United States
| | - Alexander S. Dudnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, United States
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Gujarathi S, Liu X, Song L, Hendrickson H, Zheng G. A mild and efficient AgSbF 6-catalyzed synthesis of fully substituted pyrroles through a sequential propargylation/amination/ cycloisomerization reaction. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:5267-5273. [PMID: 25061238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of an efficient synthesis of fully substituted pyrroles via a sequential as a catalyst. The propargylation/amination/cycloisomerization was accomplished using AgSbF6 one-pot three-component reaction of propargylic alcohols, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and primary amines proceeds at a mild temperature, which prevents the formation of furan by-product. The reaction was also successfully applied to the more basic aliphatic amines with the addition of 1.1 eq. of acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Gujarathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Xingui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Howard Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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