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Mansur A, Kempf AM, Bitterman DS, Patel CG, Dyer MA, Haas-Kogan DA, Liu KX, Smart AC. Clinical outcomes of radiation therapy for transgender and gender-expansive people with cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135400. [PMID: 37746299 PMCID: PMC10517178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Approximately 1.6 million people in the US identify as transgender, many of whom undergo gender-affirming medical or surgical therapies. While transgender individuals are diagnosed with cancer at similar rates as those who are cisgender, the impacts of radiation therapy on outcomes of gender-affirming care in transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people with cancer are understudied. We report on the experiences and outcomes of transgender and gender-expansive patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer treatment. Methods This study is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients evaluated from 2005-2019 identified as transgender or gender-expansive in the medical record and treated with radiation therapy. Results We identified 23 patients who received radiation to 32 sites, including 12 (38%) to the brain, head, or neck, 8 (25%) to the thorax, and 7 (22%) to the pelvis. Seventeen patients (74%) received gender-affirming hormone therapy and 13 patients (57%) underwent gender-affirming surgery. Four patients had pelvic radiation before or after gender-affirming pelvic surgery, including two trans women who had pelvic radiation after vaginoplasty. Four patients had radiation to the chest or thorax and gender-affirming chest or breast surgery, including two trans men with breast cancer. Two pediatric patients developed hypopituitarism and hypogonadism secondary to radiation therapy and, as adults, changed their hormone replacement therapy to affirm their transgender identities. Discussion Transgender people with cancer undergo radiation therapy for a wide range of cancers. Understanding their prior gender-affirming medical or surgical treatments and future gender affirmation goals may identify important considerations for their oncologic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Mansur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abigail M. Kempf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Danielle S. Bitterman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chirayu G. Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Aiven Dyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daphne A. Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin X. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia C. Smart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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