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Schaller SJ, Nagashima M, Schönfelder M, Sasakawa T, Schulz F, Khan MAS, Kem WR, Schneider G, Schlegel J, Lewald H, Blobner M, Jeevendra Martyn JA. GTS-21 attenuates loss of body mass, muscle mass, and function in rats having systemic inflammation with and without disuse atrophy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1647-1657. [PMID: 30006848 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscle changes of critical illness are attributed to systemic inflammatory responses and disuse atrophy. GTS-21 (3-(2,4-dimethoxy-benzylidene)anabaseine), also known as DMBX-A) is a synthetic derivative of the natural product anabaseine that acts as an agonist at α7-acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). Hypothesis tested was that modulation of inflammation by agonist GTS-21 (10 mg/kg b.i.d. intraperitoneally) will attenuate body weight (BW) and muscle changes. Systemic sham inflammation was produced in 125 rats by Cornyebacterium parvum (C.p.) or saline injection on days 0/4/8. Seventy-four rats had one immobilized-limb producing disuse atrophy. GTS-21 effects on BW, tibialis muscle mass (TMM), and function were assessed on day 12. Systemically, methemoglobin levels increased 26-fold with C.p. (p < 0.001) and decreased significantly (p < 0.033) with GTS-21. Control BW increased (+ 30 ± 9 g, mean ± SD) at day 12, but decreased with C.p. and superimposed disuse (p = 0.005). GTS-21 attenuated BW loss in C.p. (p = 0.005). Compared to controls, TMM decreased with C.p. (0.43 ± 0.06 g to 0.26 ± 0.03 g) and with superimposed disuse (0.18 ± 0.04 g); GTS-21 ameliorated TMM loss to 0.32 ± 0.04 (no disuse, p = 0.028) and to 0.22 ± 0.03 (with disuse, p = 0.004). Tetanic tensions decreased with C.p. or disuse and GTS-21 attenuated tension decrease in animals with disuse (p = 0.006) and in animals with C.p. and disuse (p = 0.029). C.p.-induced 11-fold increased muscle α7nAChR expression was decreased by > 60% with GTS-21 treatment. In conclusion, GTS-21 modulates systemic inflammation, evidenced by both decreased methemoglobin levels and decrease of α7nAChR expression, and mitigates inflammation-mediated loss of BW, TMM, fiber size, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Schaller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Boston, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningertr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michio Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Boston, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Institute of Exercise Biology, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomoki Sasakawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Boston, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi 2 Jō, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaidō, 078-8802, Japan
| | - Fabian Schulz
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningertr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Boston, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William R Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningertr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidrun Lewald
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningertr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Blobner
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningertr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - J A Jeevendra Martyn
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Boston, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Abstract
Aggression is frequently comorbid with neuropsychiatric conditions and is a predictor of worse outcomes, yet current pharmacotherapies are insufficient and have debilitating side effects, precluding broad use. Multiple models of aggression across species suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has anti-aggressive (serenic) properties. Here we demonstrate dose-dependent serenic effects of acute nicotine administration in three distinct mouse strains: C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CD1. While acute nicotine administration (0.25mg/kg) modestly reduced solitary homecage locomotion, this could not account for nicotine's serenic effects since social encounters eliminated the hypolocomotor effect, and nicotine did not alter social interaction times. Pretreatment with the homomeric (α7 subunit) nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (5mg/kg), but not the heteromeric (β2 or β4 subunit-containing) nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE, 3mg/kg), blocked the serenic effects of nicotine. By contrast, pretreatment with DHβE blocked the effect of acute nicotine administration on locomotion, uncoupling nicotine's serenic and hypolocomotor effects. Finally, the α7 nAChR partial agonist GTS-21 reduced aggression in C57BL/6 mice. These results support the idea that acute nicotine administration has serenic effects and provide evidence for specificity of this effect distinct from effects on locomotion. Furthermore, pharmacological studies suggest that activation of α7 nAChRs underlies the serenic effects of nicotine. Further studies of nAChRs could enhance understanding of the neurobiology of aggression and may lead to the development of novel, more specific treatments for pathological aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Emma L M Cahuzac
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Bordia T, McGregor M, Papke RL, Decker MW, McIntosh JM, Quik M. The α7 nicotinic receptor agonist ABT-107 protects against nigrostriatal damage in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:277-84. [PMID: 25261754 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The finding that smoking is inversely correlated with Parkinson's disease and that nicotine attenuates nigrostriatal damage in Parkinsonian animals supports the idea that nicotine may be neuroprotective. Nicotine is thought to exert this effect by acting at nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), including the α7 subtype. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to test the protective potential of ABT-107, an agonist with high selectivity for α7 nAChRs; and second, to investigate its cellular mechanism of action. Rats were implanted with minipumps containing ABT-107 (0.25mg/kg/d). In addition, we tested the effect of nicotine (1mg/kg/d) as a positive control, and also DMXB (2mg/kg/d) which acts primarily with α7 but also α4β2* nAChRs. Two weeks after minipump placement, the rats were lesioned by unilateral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. Lesioning alone decreased contralateral forelimb use and adjusted stepping, two measures of Parkinsonism. ABT-107 and nicotine treatment significantly improved these behaviors at all weeks tested, with variable improvement with DMXB. We next investigated the cellular mechanism involved. The striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), a marker of dopaminergic integrity, was reduced ~70% with lesioning. ABT-107 or nicotine treatment significantly increased DAT levels in lesioned striatum; these drugs did not alter DAT levels in intact striatum. ABT-107 and nicotine also significantly improved basal dopamine release from lesioned striatum, as well as nicotine-stimulated dopamine release mediated via α4β2* and α6β2* nAChRs. These data suggest that α7 nAChR agonists may improve motor behaviors associated with nigrostriatal damage by enhancing striatal dopaminergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 3261, USA
| | - Michael W Decker
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-6125, USA
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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