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Baszuk P, Janasik B, Pietrzak S, Marciniak W, Reszka E, Białkowska K, Jabłońska E, Muszyńska M, Lesicka M, Derkacz R, Grodzki T, Wójcik J, Wojtyś M, Dębniak T, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Kubisa B, Wójcik N, Pieróg J, Gajić D, Waloszczyk P, Scott RJ, Wąsowicz W, Jakubowska A, Lubiński J, Lener MR. Lung Cancer Occurrence-Correlation with Serum Chromium Levels and Genotypes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1228-1236. [PMID: 32648197 PMCID: PMC7886837 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogens is an important cause of lung cancer. One of these substances is chromium, which is found ubiquitously across the planet. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified chromium(VI) as a human carcinogen. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum chromium levels, as well as DNA variants in selected genes involved in carcinogenesis, xenobiotic-metabolism, and oxidative stress could be helpful in the detection of lung cancer. We conducted a study using 218 lung cancer patients and 218 matched healthy controls. We measured serum chromium levels and genotyped ten genetic variants in ERCC2, XRCC1, MT1B, GSTP1, ABCB1, NQ01, CRTC3, GPX1, SOD2 and CAT. The odds ratios of being diagnosed with lung cancer were calculated using conditional logistic regression with respect to serum chromium level and genotypes. The odds ratio for the occurrence of lung cancer increased with increasing serum chromium levels. The difference between the quartiles with the lowest vs. highest chromium level was more than fourfold in the entire group (OR 4.52, CI 2.17-9.42, p < 0.01). This correlation was significantly increased by more than twice when specific genotypes were taken into consideration (ERCC-rs12181 TT, OR 12.34, CI 1.17-130.01, p = 0.04; CRTC3-rs12915189 non GG, OR 9.73, CI 1.58-60.10, p = 0.01; GSTP1-rs1695 non AA, OR 9.47, CI 2.06-43.49, p = < 0.01; CAT-rs1001179 non CC, OR 9.18, CI 1.64-51.24, p = 0.01). Total serum chromium levels > 0.1 μg/L were correlated with 73% (52/71) of lung cancers diagnosed with stage I disease. Our findings support the role of chromium and the influence of key proteins on lung cancer burden in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Baszuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Beata Janasik
- Biological and Environment Monitoring Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sandra Pietrzak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marciniak
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003, Grzepnica, Dobra(Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Muszyńska
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003, Grzepnica, Dobra(Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Róża Derkacz
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003, Grzepnica, Dobra(Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kubisa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Norbert Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pieróg
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Darko Gajić
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Waloszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Pathology, Zdunomed, ul. Energetyków 2, 70-656, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Biological and Environment Monitoring Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003, Grzepnica, Dobra(Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003, Grzepnica, Dobra(Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Marcin R Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.
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Lener MR, Reszka E, Marciniak W, Lesicka M, Baszuk P, Jabłońska E, Białkowska K, Muszyńska M, Pietrzak S, Derkacz R, Grodzki T, Wójcik J, Wojtyś M, Dębniak T, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Kubisa B, Pieróg J, Waloszczyk P, Scott RJ, Jakubowska A, Narod SA, Lubiński J. Blood cadmium levels as a marker for early lung cancer detection. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126682. [PMID: 33249371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether blood cadmium levels were associated with incident lung cancer and could be used in the context of a screening program for early-stage lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured blood cadmium levels among 205 lung cancer patients and 205 matched controls. Cases and controls were matched for sex, age and smoking history (total pack-years, years since cessation for former smokers). RESULTS The odds ratio for those in the highest quartile of cadmium level (versus lowest) was four-fold (OR = 4.41, 95 % CI:2.01-9.67, p < 0.01). The association was present in former smokers (OR = 16.8, 95 % CI:3.96-71.2, p < 0.01), but not in current smokers (OR = 1.23, 95 % CI: 0.34-4.38) or in never smokers (OR not defined). Among former smokers, the association was present in both early- and late-stage lung cancer. CONCLUSION Blood cadmium levels may be a marker to help with the early detection of lung cancer among former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin R Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marciniak
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Baszuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, ul.św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Sandra Pietrzak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Róża Derkacz
- Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczecińska), Poland
| | - Bartosz Kubisa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pieróg
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. A. Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Waloszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Pathology, Zdunomed, ul. Energetyków 2, 70-656 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Cnr King and Auckland Streets, Newcastle NSW 2300 Australia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczecińska), Poland.
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