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Niu X, Chen Z, Pang Y, Liu X, Liu S. Soil moisture shapes the environmental control mechanism on canopy conductance in a natural oak forest. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159363. [PMID: 36240914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Canopy conductance (gc) is an important biophysical parameter closely related to ecosystem energy partitioning and carbon sequestration, which can be used to judge drought effect on forest ecosystems. It is very important to explore how soil moisture change affects the environmental control mechanism of gc, especially in natural oak forests in Central China where frequent extreme precipitation (P) and drought will occur in a context of climate change. In this study, variations of gc and its environmental control mechanisms in a warm-temperate forest over three consecutive years under different hydroclimatic conditions were examined by using eddy-covariance technique. Results showed that the averaged gc in the three growing seasons were 11.2, 11.3 and 7.8 mms-1, respectively, with a CV of 19.7 %. The lowest gc occurred in the year with the lowest P. Using three years of data, we found that vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited the dominate effect on gc, both diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PARdif) and air temperature (Ta) were positively correlated with gc. When relative extractable water content (REW) was larger than 0.4, however, inhibiting effect of high VPD on gc disappeared and the effect of direct photosynthetically active radiation (PARdir) on gc was larger compared to PARdif. When REW was <0.1, the positive relationship between Ta and gc became negative. Our results indicated that soil moisture ultimately shapes the environmental control mechanism of gc in a natural oak forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yong Pang
- Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Baotianman National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau, Nanyang 474350, Henan, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Ma Y, Yue X, Zhou H, Gong C, Lei Y, Tian C, Cao Y. Identifying the dominant climate-driven uncertainties in modeling gross primary productivity. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149518. [PMID: 34392204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate simulation of gross primary productivity (GPP) is essential for estimating the global carbon budget. However, GPP modeling is subject to various sources of uncertainties, among which the impacts of biases in climate forcing data have not been well quantified. Here, using a well-validated vegetation model, we compare site-level simulations using either ground-based meteorology or assimilated reanalyses to identify climate-driven uncertainties in the predicted GPP at 91 FLUXNET sites. Simulations yield the lowest root mean square errors (RMSE) in GPP relative to observations when all site-level meteorology and CO2 concentrations are used. Sensitivity tests conducted with Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis (MERRA) reanalyses increase GPP RMSE by 30%. Replacement of site-level CO2 with global annual average values provides limited contributions to these changes. In contrast, GPP uncertainties increase almost linearly with the biases in meteorology. Among all factors, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), especially diffuse PAR, plays dominant roles in modulating GPP uncertainties. Simulations using all MERRA forcings but with site-level diffuse PAR help reduce over 50% of the climate-driven biases in GPP. Our study reveals that biases in meteorological forcings, especially the variabilities at diurnal to seasonal time scales, can induce significant uncertainties in the simulated GPP at FLUXET sites. We suggest cautions in simulating global GPP using climate reanalyses for dynamic global vegetation models and urgent improvements in climatic variability in reanalyses data, especially for diffuse radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimian Ma
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yadong Lei
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenguang Tian
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xue W, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Wei J, Lu T, Che Y, Tian Y. Spatiotemporal variations and relationships of aerosol-radiation-ecosystem productivity over China during 2001-2014. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140324. [PMID: 32603940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several air pollution episodes occurred in China in the past decade, and high levels of aerosols load also caused the changes of radiation, which could further influence the gross primary productivity (GPP) in the terrestrial ecosystem. This paper focuses on the spatiotemporal variations and relationship of aerosol-radiation-GPP in China during a heavy pollution period (2001-2014). For this purpose, the Fu-Liou radiation transfer mechanism model was used to estimate total radiation (TR) and diffuse radiation (DIFR) at the spatial resolution of 1° × 1° based on the satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and other auxiliary data. This model shows excellent performance with an R2 of 0.88 and 0.79 for TR and DIFR, respectively. A significant increasing trend (0.23 W m-2 year-1) in TR was found in China in this phase, and it was mainly attributed to DIFR. Furthermore, a scenario without aerosols (AOD = 0) was simulated as a comparison to quantify the aerosol radiative forcing, which indicated that aerosols play a catalytic role in DIFR, increasing it by approximately 19.55%. Despite all this, aerosols have weakened the brightening of China due to the negative forcing on direct radiation. Meanwhile, 0.65-4.20 kgC m-2 year-1 increase of GPP was also captured in seven regions of China during this phase.However, the significant negative response of GPP to aerosol was found in most ecosystems in the growing season of vegetation, and the highest correlation of -0.76 (p < .01) existed in the central China forest regions. It suggests although aerosol causes a diffuse fertilization effect, GPP is still lost due to high levels of aerosol load in most areas of China during growing season of vegetation. This paper aims to determine the relationship among the aerosol-radiation-ecosystem productivity in different regions of China, which could provide a reference for the divisional strategy formulation and classification management in different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xue
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tianwei Lu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunfei Che
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulu Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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Li C, Jia X, Ma J, Liu P, Yang R, Bai Y, Hayat M, Liu J, Zha T. Linking diffuse radiation and ecosystem productivity of a desert steppe ecosystem. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9043. [PMID: 32411524 PMCID: PMC7207212 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation components have distinct effects on photosynthesis. In the desert steppe ecosystem, the influence of diffuse radiation on carbon fixation has not been thoroughly explored. We examined this diffusion and its effect on ecosystem productivity was examined during the growing season from 2014 to 2015 on the basis of eddy covariance measurements of CO2 exchange in a desert steppe ecosystem in northwest China. Our results indicated that the gross ecosystem production (GEP) and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PARdif) peaked when the clearness index (CI) was around 0.5. The maximum canopy photosynthesis (Pmax) under cloudy skies (CI < 0.7) was 23.7% greater than under clear skies (CI ≥ 0.7). When the skies became cloudy in the desert steppe ecosystem, PARdif had a greater effect on GEP. Additionally, lower vapor pressure deficits (VPD ≤ 1 kPa), lower air temperatures (Ta ≤ 20 °C), and non-stressed water conditions (REW ≥ 0.4) were more conducive for enhanced ecosystem photosynthesis under cloudy skies than under clear skies. This may be due to the comprehensive effects of VPD and Ta on stomatal conductance. We concluded that cloudiness can influence diffuse radiation components and that diffuse radiation can increase the ecosystem production of desert steppe ecosystems in northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyong Ma
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Hayat
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshan Zha
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Han J, Zhang L, Li S, Wen X, Li Q, Wang H. Effects of sky conditions on net ecosystem productivity of a subtropical coniferous plantation vary from half-hourly to daily timescales. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:3002-3014. [PMID: 30463150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic changes of solar radiation have received wide attention in global change studies, but there are controversies about the influence of diffuse radiation on ecosystem carbon sequestration. Using eddy covariance measurements from 2010 to 2012, the effects of sky conditions extracted from adjacent sunny, cloudy, and overcast days on net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of a subtropical coniferous plantation were examined from half-hourly to daily scales. Half-hourly NEP responded to the changing radiation more efficiently on overcast days compared to sunny days, but such response did not differ obviously between cloudy and sunny days. Compared with sunny conditions, apparent quantum yield (α) under overcast (cloudy) conditions changed 282.4% (41.7%) in spring, 140.3% (-4.2%) in summer, 218.5% (38.9%) in autumn, and 146.2% (0.5%) in winter, respectively; annually, α under overcast (cloudy) conditions increased by 225.9% (19.8%) in 2010, 189.8% (6.0%) in 2011, and 159.5% (21.4%) in 2012, respectively. Moreover, the potential NEP at the light intensity of 150 and 750 W m-2 was improved due to increased diffuse fraction. However, both daytime NEP and daily NEP were significantly lower under overcast skies than under sunny and cloudy skies. Compared with sunny days, daily NEP on overcast days decreased by 127.7% in spring, 126.4% in summer, 121.8% in autumn, and 100.6% in winter, respectively; annually, daily NEP decreased by 122.5% in 2010, 141.7% in 2011, and 109.9% in 2012, respectively. Diurnal patterns of daily NEP were quite similar between sunny and cloudy days. Both path analysis and multiple regression showed that solar radiation, especially diffuse radiation, was responsible for the variations of NEP under different skies across seasons, but this effect may be weakened by seasonal droughts. This study implies that the effects of sky conditions on NEP are timescale dependent and should be paid more attention in ecosystem carbon cycle study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shenggong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Roderick ML, Farquhar GD, Berry SL, Noble IR. On the direct effect of clouds and atmospheric particles on the productivity and structure of vegetation. Oecologia 2001; 129:21-30. [PMID: 28547064 DOI: 10.1007/s004420100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2001] [Accepted: 06/01/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The volume of shade within vegetation canopies is reduced by more than an order of magnitude on cloudy and/or very hazy days compared to clear sunny days because of an increase in the diffuse fraction of the solar radiance. Here we show that vegetation is directly sensitive to changes in the diffuse fraction and we conclude that the productivity and structure of vegetation is strongly influenced by clouds and other atmospheric particles. We also propose that the unexpected decline in atmospheric [CO2] which was observed following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption was in part caused by increased vegetation uptake following an anomalous enhancement of the diffuse fraction by volcanic aerosols that would have reduced the volume of shade within vegetation canopies. These results have important implications for both understanding and modelling the productivity and structure of terrestrial vegetation as well as the global carbon cycle and the climate system.
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