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Whitehead M, Suprin M, Mistree T, Kearns MM, Marini G, Goffe C, Pillwein M, Abdul-Shukkoor V. The Renovation of Good Clinical Practice: A Framework for Key Components of ICH E8. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024; 58:303-310. [PMID: 38038888 PMCID: PMC10850025 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use's (ICH) renovation of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) represents a philosophical shift in the conduct of clinical research away from a one-size-fits-all application to promoting a proactive, risk-based approach. The aim of this paper is to enhance the understanding of specific topics detailed in ICH E8 based on direct feedback from TransCelerate member companies who identified Quality by Design (QbD), Critical to Quality (CtQ), Fit for Purpose, and Stakeholder Engagement, as most changed and open to interpretation. The TransCelerate framework seeks to highlight and expand each of these central topics to support utilization and implementation of a strong foundation for quality in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Whitehead
- Roche, Hexagon Place, Shire Park, Falcon Way, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1TW, UK.
| | | | - Tashan Mistree
- GSK, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
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Akiyama R, Nakayasu M, Umemoto N, Kato J, Kobayashi M, Lee HJ, Sugimoto Y, Iijima Y, Saito K, Muranaka T, Mizutani M. Tomato E8 Encodes a C-27 Hydroxylase in Metabolic Detoxification of α-Tomatine during Fruit Ripening. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:775-783. [PMID: 34100555 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains α-tomatine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid that contributes to the plant defense against pathogens and herbivores through its bitter taste and toxicity. It accumulates at high levels in all the plant tissues, especially in leaves and immature green fruits, whereas it decreases during fruit ripening through metabolic conversion to the nontoxic esculeoside A, which accumulates in the mature red fruit. This study aimed to identify the gene encoding a C-27 hydroxylase that is a key enzyme in the metabolic conversion of α-tomatine to esculeoside A. The E8 gene, encoding a 2-oxoglutalate-dependent dioxygenase, is well known as an inducible gene in response to ethylene during fruit ripening. The recombinant E8 was found to catalyze the C-27 hydroxylation of lycoperoside C to produce prosapogenin A and is designated as Sl27DOX. The ripe fruit of E8/Sl27DOX-silenced transgenic tomato plants accumulated lycoperoside C and exhibited decreased esculeoside A levels compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, E8/Sl27DOX deletion in tomato accessions resulted in higher lycoperoside C levels in ripe fruits than in WT plants. Thus, E8/Sl27DOX functions as a C-27 hydroxylase of lycoperoside C in the metabolic detoxification of α-tomatine during tomato fruit ripening, and the efficient detoxification by E8/27DOX may provide an advantage in the domestication of cultivated tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292 Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Midori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292 Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
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Hey CAB, Saltõkova KB, Bisgaard HC, Møller LB. Comparison of two different culture conditions for derivation of early hiPSC. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1467-1473. [PMID: 29603519 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Different culture-systems for derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in vitro from human fibroblasts have been established. Here, we compared the efficacy of two different feeder-free culture-systems; Matrigel-coated surfaces in combination with mTeSR1 medium versus Vitronectin-coated surfaces in combination with Essential 8 (E8) medium. The comparison was performed by counting the number of emerging iPSC-looking colonies of re-programmed fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were re-programmed using episomal plasmids expressing OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, and a p53 knock down shP53. Three different fibroblast lines, K40 and K48 from healthy controls and BBS1 from a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, were used in two independent setups. The BBS1 line was used in both setups in combination with K40 and K48 respectively. In all four re-programming experiments, we observed a significantly higher number of emerging colonies with the combination Matrigel/mTeSR1 as compared to the combination Vitronectin/E8. The presence of iPSC was verified by alkaline phosphatase and Tra-1-60 staining. Furthermore, a higher expression of the pluripotency-associated markers NANOG and SOX2 in cells under Matrigel/mTeSR1 conditions compared with Vitronectin/E8 supported the higher proportion of iPSC on Matrigel/mTeSR1 plates. In conclusion, the combination Matrigel/mTeSR1 is more efficient for derivation of iPSC compared to the Vitronectin/E8 combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A B Hey
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark
| | - Katarina B Saltõkova
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark
| | - Hanne C Bisgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth B Møller
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark
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Slamecka J, Salimova L, McClellan S, van Kelle M, Kehl D, Laurini J, Cinelli P, Owen L, Hoerstrup SP, Weber B. Non-integrating episomal plasmid-based reprogramming of human amniotic fluid stem cells into induced pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:234-49. [PMID: 26654216 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) represent an attractive potential cell source for fetal and pediatric cell-based therapies. However, upgrading them to pluripotency confers refractoriness toward senescence, higher proliferation rate and unlimited differentiation potential. AFSC were observed to rapidly and efficiently reacquire pluripotency which together with their easy recovery makes them an attractive cell source for reprogramming. The reprogramming process as well as the resulting iPSC epigenome could potentially benefit from the unspecialized nature of AFSC. iPSC derived from AFSC also have potential in disease modeling, such as Down syndrome or β-thalassemia. Previous experiments involving AFSC reprogramming have largely relied on integrative vector transgene delivery and undefined serum-containing, feeder-dependent culture. Here, we describe non-integrative oriP/EBNA-1 episomal plasmid-based reprogramming of AFSC into iPSC and culture in fully chemically defined xeno-free conditions represented by vitronectin coating and E8 medium, a system that we found uniquely suited for this purpose. The derived AF-iPSC lines uniformly expressed a set of pluripotency markers Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 in a pattern typical for human primed PSC. Additionally, the cells formed teratomas, and were deemed pluripotent by PluriTest, a global expression microarray-based in-silico pluripotency assay. However, we found that the PluriTest scores were borderline, indicating a unique pluripotent signature in the defined condition. In the light of potential future clinical translation of iPSC technology, non-integrating reprogramming and chemically defined culture are more acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Slamecka
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,d Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA.,e Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Center , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Lilia Salimova
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,f School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Steven McClellan
- d Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Mathieu van Kelle
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,g Department of Biomedical Engineering , Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Debora Kehl
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Javier Laurini
- h College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- i Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,j Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,k Division of Trauma Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Laurie Owen
- d Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- a Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University and University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,l Department of Dermatology and Venerology , University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Abstract
E8 is prominent in mathematics and theoretical physics, and is generally viewed as an exceptional symmetry in an eight-dimensional (8D) space very different from the space we inhabit; for instance, the Lie group E8 features heavily in 10D superstring theory. Contrary to that point of view, here we show that the E8 root system can in fact be constructed from the icosahedron alone and can thus be viewed purely in terms of 3D geometry. The 240 roots of E8 arise in the 8D Clifford algebra of 3D space as a double cover of the 120 elements of the icosahedral group, generated by the root system H3. As a by-product, by restricting to even products of root vectors (spinors) in the 4D even subalgebra of the Clifford algebra, one can show that each 3D root system induces a root system in 4D, which turn out to also be exactly the exceptional 4D root systems. The spinorial point of view explains their existence as well as their unusual automorphism groups. This spinorial approach thus in fact allows one to construct all exceptional root systems within the geometry of three dimensions, which opens up a novel interpretation of these phenomena in terms of spinorial geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Philippe Dechant
- Departments of Mathematics and Biology , York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5GG, UK
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