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Tahmasbian I, Safari Sinegani AA, Nguyen TTN, Che R, Phan TD, Hosseini Bai S. Application of manures to mitigate the harmful effects of electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals on soil microbial properties in polluted soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:26485-26496. [PMID: 28948525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) used with electrokinetic (EK) to remediate heavy metal-polluted soils is a toxic chelate for soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of alternative organic chelates to EDTA on improving the microbial properties of a heavy metal-polluted soil subjected to EK. Cow manure extract (CME), poultry manure extract (PME) and EDTA were applied to a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)-polluted calcareous soil which were subjected to two electric intensities (1.1 and 3.3 v/cm). Soil carbon pools, microbial activity, microbial abundance (e.g., fungal, actinomycetes and bacterial abundances) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb and Zn (available forms) were assessed in both cathodic and anodic soils. Applying the EK to soil decreased all the microbial variables in the cathodic and anodic soils in the absence or presence of chelates. Both CME and PME applied with two electric intensities decreased the negative effect of EK on soil microbial variables. The lowest values of soil microbial variables were observed when EK was combined with EDTA. The following order was observed in values of soil microbial variables after treating with EK and chelates: EK + CME or EK + PME > EK > EK + EDTA. The CME and PME could increase the concentrations of available Pb and Zn, although the increase was less than that of EDTA. Overall, despite increasing soil available Pb and Zn, the combination of EK with manures (CME or PME) mitigated the negative effects of using EK on soil microbial properties. This study suggested that the synthetic chelates such as EDTA could be replaced with manures to alleviate the environmental risks of EK application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Tahmasbian
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Thi Thu Nhan Nguyen
- Genecology, School of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Australia
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuc D Phan
- Australian River Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, QLD, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Environmental Future Research Institute, School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Genecology, School of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Australia
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Skala W, Goettig P, Brandstetter H. Do-it-yourself histidine-tagged bovine enterokinase: a handy member of the protein engineer's toolbox. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:421-5. [PMID: 24184090 PMCID: PMC3863954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterokinase, a two-chain duodenal serine protease, activates trypsinogen by removing its N-terminal propeptide. Due to a clean cut after the non-primed site recognition sequence, the enterokinase light chain is frequently employed in biotechnology to separate N-terminal affinity tags from target proteins with authentic N-termini. In order to obtain large quantities of this protease, we adapted an in vitro folding protocol for a pentahistidine-tagged triple mutant of the bovine enterokinase light chain. The purified, highly active enzyme successfully processed recombinant target proteins, while the pentahistidine-tag facilitated post-cleavage removal. Hence, we conclude that producing enterokinase in one's own laboratory is an efficient alternative to the commercial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Brandstetter
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstraße 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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