1
|
Brivio P, Gallo MT, Gruca P, Lason M, Litwa E, Fumagalli F, Papp M, Calabrese F. Resilience to chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia preserves the ability of the ventral hippocampus to respond to an acute challenge. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022:10.1007/s00406-022-01470-0. [PMID: 36018382 PMCID: PMC10359391 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a major precipitating factor for psychiatric disorders and its effects may depend on its duration and intensity. Of note, there are differences in individual susceptibility to stress, with some subjects displaying vulnerability and others showing resistance. Furthermore, the ability to react to stressful-life events can alter the response to a subsequent new stressor. Hence, we investigated whether the vulnerability and resilience to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm, in terms of the hedonic phenotype, are paralleled by a different response when facing a novel acute challenge. Specifically, rats submitted to CMS were stratified based on their sucrose intake into vulnerable (anhedonic rats showing reduce intake of sucrose) and resilient (rats not showing the anhedonic-like behavior) subgroups and then further exposed to an acute restraint stress (ARS). Then, neuronal activation was investigated by measuring the gene expression of early immediate (IEG) genes such as Arc and Cfos and early response (ERG) genes, such as Gadd45β, Sgk1, Dusp1, and Nr4a1, in brain regions that play a crucial role in the stress response. We found that resilient rats preserve the ability to increase ERG expression following the ARS selectively in the ventral hippocampus. Conversely, such ability is lost in vulnerable rats. Interestingly, the recovery from the anhedonic phenotype observed in vulnerable rats after 3 weeks of rest from the CMS procedure also parallels the restoration of the ability to adequately respond to the challenge. In conclusion, these findings support the role of the ventral subregion of the hippocampus in the management of both chronic and acute stress response and point to this brain subregion as a critical target for a potential therapeutic strategy aimed at promoting stress resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Gallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sen-Kilic E, Huckaby AB, Damron FH, Barbier M. P. aeruginosa type III and type VI secretion systems modulate early response gene expression in type II pneumocytes in vitro. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:345. [PMID: 35508983 PMCID: PMC9068226 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung airway epithelial cells are part of innate immunity and the frontline of defense against bacterial infections. During infection, airway epithelial cells secrete proinflammatory mediators that participate in the recruitment of immune cells. Virulence factors expressed by bacterial pathogens can alter epithelial cell gene expression and modulate this response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, expresses numerous virulence factors to facilitate establishment of infection and evade the host immune response. This study focused on identifying the role of two major P. aeruginosa virulence factors, type III (T3SS) and type VI (T6SS) secretion systems, on the early transcriptome response of airway epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS We performed RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome response of type II pneumocytes during infection with P. aeruginosa in vitro. We observed that P. aeruginosa differentially upregulates immediate-early response genes and transcription factors that induce proinflammatory responses in type II pneumocytes. P. aeruginosa infection of type II pneumocytes was characterized by up-regulation of proinflammatory networks, including MAPK, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. We also identified early response genes and proinflammatory signaling pathways whose expression change in response to infection with P. aeruginosa T3SS and T6SS mutants in type II pneumocytes. We determined that T3SS and T6SS modulate the expression of EGR1, FOS, and numerous genes that are involved in proinflammatory responses in epithelial cells during infection. T3SS and T6SS were associated with two distinct transcriptomic signatures related to the activation of transcription factors such as AP1, STAT1, and SP1, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, transcriptomic analysis of epithelial cells indicates that the expression of immediate-early response genes quickly changes upon infection with P. aeruginosa and this response varies depending on bacterial viability and injectosomes. These data shed light on how P. aeruginosa modulates host epithelial transcriptome response during infection using T3SS and T6SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen S, Li W. The inhibitory effects of metabolites from Bacillus pumilus on potato virus Y and the induction of early response genes in Nicotiana tabacum. AMB Express 2020; 10:152. [PMID: 32816147 PMCID: PMC7441133 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a new antiviral preparation from a microbial source, the halophilic bacterium Bacillus pumilus E303035 was isolated from a soil sample collected at Qarhan Salt Lake in Qinghai, China. The inhibitory activity of an ethyl acetate extract of its fermentation broth was higher than that of an n-butanol extract. After isolation and purification, 9 compounds were obtained: cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) (1), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (2), Brevianamide F (3), 2-(3-Indolyl) ethanol (4), N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] acetamide (5), 3, 3-di(1H-indol-3-yl)propane-1,2-diol (6), Lincomycin B (7), dibutylphthalate (8), and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (9). Compounds 1, 5, and 9 showed inhibitory activities against potato virus Y (PVY). Compounds 1, 4, and 9 had significant inhibitory activity against genes HC-pro, P3, and Nib, compound 5 against gene P3, and compounds 1 and 4 against NIa. Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 9 had significant inhibitory activity against genes VPg and 6K1. Active compounds 1, 5, and 9 had various effects on the expression of viral genes related to pathogenesis. Expression of genes cullin and XTH was up-regulated and CP was down-regulated, compared to the positive control. In conclusion, compounds 1, 5, and 9 might be considered as potential antiviral agents for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shen
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.,Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, 810016, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.,The Tibet Plateau Biotechnology Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, 810016, Xining, Qinghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China. .,The Tibet Plateau Biotechnology Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shiyan AA, Sidorenko SV, Fedorov D, Klimanova EA, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Grygorczyk R, Orlov SN. Elevation of Intracellular Na + Contributes to Expression of Early Response Genes Triggered by Endothelial Cell Shrinkage. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 53:638-647. [PMID: 31556253 DOI: 10.33594/000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prolonged hyperosmotic shrinkage evokes expression of osmoprotective genes via nuclear factor NFAT5-mediated pathway and activates Na+ influx via hypertonicity-induced cation channels (HICC). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) elevation of intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) triggers transcription of dozens of early response genes (ERG). This study examined the role of monovalent cations in the expression of Na+i-sensitive ERGs in iso- and hyperosmotically shrunken HUVEC. METHODS Cell volume was measured by 3D reconstruction of cell shape and as 14C-urea available space. Intracellular Na+ and K+ content was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. ERG transcription was estimated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Elevation of medium osmolality by 150 mM mannitol or cell transfer from hypo- to isosmotic medium decreased cell volume by 40-50%. Hyperosmotic medium increased [Na+]i by 2-fold whereas isosmotic shrinkage had no impact on this parameter. Hyperosmotic but not isosmotic shrinkage increased up-to 5-fold the content of EGR1, FOS, ATF3, ZFP36 and JUN mRNAs. Expression of these ERGs triggered by hyperosmotic shrinkage and Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition by 0.1 µM ouabain exhibited positive correlation (R2=0.9383, p=0.0005). Isosmotic substitution of NaCl by N-methyl-D-glucamine abolished an increment of [Na+]i and ERG expression triggered by mannitol addition. CONCLUSION Augmented expression of ERGs in hyperosmotically shrunken HUVEC is mediated by elevation of [Na+]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana V Sidorenko
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Fedorov
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Klimanova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid V Kapilevich
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ryszard Grygorczyk
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, CR CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sergei N Orlov
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian Medical State University, Tomsk, Russia,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Li F, Liu D, Jiang C, Cui L, Shen L, Liu G, Yang A. Dynamic expression analysis of early response genes induced by potato virus Y in PVY-resistant Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:297-311. [PMID: 27896424 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Dynamic transcriptional changes of the host early responses genes were detected in PVY-resistant tobacco varieties infected with Potato virus Y; PVY resistance is a complex process that needs series of stress responses. Potato virus Y (PVY) causes a severe viral disease in cultivated crops, especially in Solanum plants. To understand the molecular basis of plant responses to the PVY stress, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray approaches were combined to identify the potentially important or novel genes that were involved in early stages (12 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 days) of tobacco response to PVY infection. Dynamic changes of the host plant early responses to PVY infection on a transcriptional level were detected. In total, 167 different expressed ESTs were identified. The majority of genes involved in the metabolic process were found to be down-regulated at 12 h and 1 day, and then up-regulated at least one later period. Genes related to signaling and transcriptions were almost up-regulated at 12 h, 1 or 2 days, while stress response genes were almost up-regulated at a later stage. Genes involved in transcription, transport, cell wall, and several stress responses were found to have changed expression during the PVY infection stage, and numbers of these genes have not been previously reported to be associated with tobacco PVY infection. The diversity expression of these genes indicated that PVY resistance is a complex process that needs a series of stress responses. To resist the PVY infection, the tobacco plant has numerous active and silent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lijie Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie Y, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Mehrotra S, Abel PW, Toews ML, Wolff DW, Rennard S, Panettieri RA, Casale TB, Tu Y. Upregulation of RGS2: a new mechanism for pirfenidone amelioration of pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2016; 17:103. [PMID: 27549302 PMCID: PMC4994235 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pirfenidone was recently approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the therapeutic dose of pirfenidone is very high, causing side effects that limit its doses and therapeutic effectiveness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of action of pirfenidone could improve its safety and efficacy. Because activated fibroblasts are critical effector cells associated with the progression of fibrosis, this study investigated the genes that change expression rapidly in response to pirfenidone treatment of pulmonary fibroblasts and explored their contributions to the anti-fibrotic effects of pirfenidone. METHODS We used the GeneChip microarray to screen for genes that were rapidly up-regulated upon exposure of human lung fibroblast cells to pirfenidone, with confirmation for specific genes by real-time PCR and western blots. Biochemical and functional analyses were used to establish their anti-fibrotic effects in cellular and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS We identified Regulator of G-protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) as an early pirfenidone-induced gene. Treatment with pirfenidone significantly increased RGS2 mRNA and protein expression in both a human fetal lung fibroblast cell line and primary pulmonary fibroblasts isolated from patients without or with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone treatment or direct overexpression of recombinant RGS2 in human lung fibroblasts inhibited the profibrotic effects of thrombin, whereas loss of RGS2 exacerbated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and mortality in mice. Pirfenidone treatment reduced bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in wild-type but not RGS2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous RGS2 exhibits anti-fibrotic functions. Upregulated RGS2 contributes significantly to the anti-fibrotic effects of pirfenidone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Haihong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Suneet Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Peter W Abel
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Rennard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen TM, Czerwiec FS, Puett D. Steroidogenesis and early response gene expression in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells following heterologous receptor down-regulation and cellular desensitization. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:305-312. [PMID: 26878066 PMCID: PMC4748167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leydig tumor cell line, MA-10, expresses the luteinizing hormone receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor that, when activated with luteinizing hormone or chorionic gonadotropin (CG), stimulates cAMP production and subsequent steroidogenesis, notably progesterone. These cells also respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and phorbol esters with increased steroid biosynthesis. In order to probe the intracellular pathways along with heterologous receptor down-regulation and cellular desensitization, cells were preincubated with EGF or phorbol esters and then challenged with CG, EGF, dibutryl-cyclic AMP, and a phorbol ester. Relative receptor numbers, steroid biosynthesis, and expression of the early response genes, JUNB and c-FOS, were measured. It was found that in all cases but one receptor down-regulation and decreased progesterone production were closely coupled under the conditions used; the exception involved preincubation of the cells with EGF followed by addition of CG where the CG-mediated stimulation of steroidogenesis was considerably lower than the level of receptor down-regulation. In a number of instances JUNB and c-FOS expression paralleled the decreases in receptor number and progesterone production, while in some cases these early response genes were affected little if at all by the changes in receptor number. This finding may indicate that even low levels of activated signaling kinases, e.g. protein kinase A, protein kinase C, or receptor tyrosine kinase, may suffice to yield good expression of JUNB and c-FOS, or it may suggest alternative pathways for regulating expression of these two early response genes. Leydig tumor cells respond to hCG, cAMP, EGF, and phorbol esters with increased steroidogenesis. These same agents increase expression of the early response genes JUNB and c-FOS. Down-regulation of EGF receptors reduced hCG receptors and steroidogenesis. Desensitization of the PKC pathway reduced hCG receptors and steroidogenesis. Often expression of JUNB and c-FOS paralleled receptor loss, but not always.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuey-Ming Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Frank S. Czerwiec
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical, 2440 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Puett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mason Farm Drive, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|