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Wei W, Shen N, Xiao J, Tao Y, Luo Y, Angel C, Gu X, Xie Y, He R, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Expression Analysis and Serodiagnostic Potential of Microneme Proteins 1 and 3 in Eimeria stiedai. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070725. [PMID: 32610686 PMCID: PMC7397282 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eimeria stiedai is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that invades the liver and bile duct epithelial cells in rabbits and causes severe hepatic coccidiosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the domestic rabbit industry. Hepatic coccidiosis lacks the typical clinical symptoms and there is a lack of effective premortem tools to timely diagnose this disease. Therefore, in the present study we cloned and expressed the two microneme proteins i.e., microneme protein 1 (EsMIC1) and microneme protein 3 (EsMIC3) from E. stiedai and used them as recombinant antigens to develop a serodiagnostic method for an effective diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis. The cDNAs encoding EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 were cloned and the mRNA expression levels of these two genes at different developmental stages of E. stiedai were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR). The immunoreactivity of recombinant EsMIC1 (rEsMIC1) and EsMIC3 (rEsMIC3) proteins were detected by Western blotting, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on these two recombinant antigens were established to evaluate their serodiagnostic potential. Our results showed that the proteins encoded by the ORFs of EsMIC1 (711 bp) and EsMIC3 (891 bp) were approximately 25.89 and 32.39 kDa in predicted molecular weight, respectively. Both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in the merozoites stage of E. stiedai. Western blotting analysis revealed that both recombinant proteins were recognized by E. stiedai positive sera, and the indirect ELISAs using rEsMIC1 and rEsMIC3 were developed based on their good immunoreactivity, with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 97.9% (47/48) specificity for rEsMIC1 with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 100% (48/48) specificity for rEsMIC3, respectively. Moreover, rEsMIC1- and rEsMIC3-based indirect ELISA were able to detect corresponding antibodies in sera at days 6, 8, and 10 post E. stiedai infection, with the highest positive diagnostic rate (62.5% (30/48) for rEsMIC1 and 66.7% (32/48) for rEsMIC3) observed at day 10 post infection. Therefore, both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 can be used as potential serodiagnostic candidate antigens for hepatic coccidiosis caused by E. stiedai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Wei
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Yuejun Luo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China;
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (W.W.); (N.S.); (J.X.); (Y.T.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (X.G.); (Y.X.); (R.H.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Skírnisson K, Duszynski DW. Presence of eimerid oocysts in faeces of a quarantined dog in Iceland is explained by coprophagic behaviour prior to its importation. Case report. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:195. [PMID: 32539829 PMCID: PMC7296720 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All dogs imported into Iceland must undergo mandatory quarantine in a special station before introduction into the country. A faecal sample is collected from the first stool passed by the dog in this station and subsequently examined for the presence of intestinal parasite stages. CASE PRESENTATION In May 2019 unsporulated oocysts were detected in faeces from a 7-year-old household dog that had been imported from Sweden. Most of the oocysts studied strongly resembled those of Eimeria canis Wenyon, 1923. As this species is not valid, the purpose of the present article was to identify the correct species and examine their possible origin. Studies confirmed the presence of two distinct unsporulated oocyst morphotypes in the faeces; measurements and photomicrographs confirmed their identification as Eimeria magna Pérard, 1925 and Eimeria stiedai (Lindemann, 1865) Kisskalt and Hartmann, 1907, both common parasites of European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L., 1758). When the owner of the dog was questioned about the food administrated to the dog prior to its import to Iceland, it turned out that it had exclusively been fed dry dog food pellets. However, the owner also reported that on the morning prior to transportation to Iceland, the dog was allowed to move freely in a grassland area where rabbits are common and heaps of their faeces are present. Furthermore, the owner confirmed that the dog consumed rabbit faeces that morning. CONCLUSION It is believed that this coprophagic behaviour can explain the detection of rabbit eimerids in the dog's faeces, and that such behaviour must be taken into consideration by veterinarians and other diagnostic personnel when they detect atypical cysts or eggs during coprological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Skírnisson
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute for Experimental Pathology, Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Donald W. Duszynski
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 76 Homesteads Road, Placitas, NM 87043 USA
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Jing J, Liu C, Zhu SX, Jiang YM, Wu LC, Song HY, Shao YX. Pathological and ultrastructural observations and liver function analysis of Eimeria stiedai-infected rabbits. Vet Parasitol 2016; 223:165-72. [PMID: 27198796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To study the pathogenicity of Eimeria stiedai, sporulated oocysts were given orally to coccidian-free two-month-old New Zealand rabbits(1000±20g). After 30days, blood samples from the rabbit hearts were collected for routine blood tests, liver functions and four characteristics of blood coagulation. Additionally, specimens of the liver, bile duct and duodenum were collected to observe the changes in pathology and ultrastructure. E. stiedai severely restricted the growth and development of rabbits. Blood tests showed that glutamine transferase (GGT) and serum cholinesterase (ChE) were significantly different from the non-infected controls. Other extremely significant differences were observed in the biochemical indices of routine blood tests, liver function and four blood coagulation characteristics, indicating that the liver functions were significantly affected. Staining showed that, compared with the negative control group, the liver, bile duct and duodenum contained significant numbers of lesions, and organs and cell structures suffered severe damage in ultrastructure, which greatly affecting bodily functions. E. stiedai-infected rabbits model was successfully established, which might provide a theoretical basis for research on the pathogenesis of rabbit coccidia, and the diagnosis and prevention of coccidiosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jing
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Shun-Xing Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Ying-Mei Jiang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Liu-Cheng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Song
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xiang Shao
- Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
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