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Ardyani T, Mohamed A, Abu Bakar S, Sagisaka M, Umetsu Y, Hafiz Mamat M, Khairul Ahmad M, Abdul Khalil HPS, King SM, Rogers SE, Eastoe J. Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in nanofibrillated kenaf cellulose (NFC)/surfactant mixture for the development of conductive paper. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 228:115376. [PMID: 31635739 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of incorporating common dodecyl anionic and cationic surfactants such as dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide and nanocellulose are described. The stabilization and electrical properties of the nanocomoposites of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nanofibrillated kenaf cellulose (NFC) were characterized using four-point probe electrical conductivity measurements. Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate dispersion morphology and the quality of RGO inside the NFC matrices. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the aggregation behavior of the aqueous surfactant systems and RGO dispersions. The cationic surfactant DTAB proved to be the best choice for stabilization of RGO in NFC, giving enhanced electrical conductivity five orders of magnitude higher than the neat NFC. The results highlight the effects of hydrophilic surfactant moieties on the structure, stability and properties of RGO/NFC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tretya Ardyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masanobu Sagisaka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yasushi Umetsu
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H P S Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Stephen M King
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Bandi S, Ravuri S, Peshwe DR, Srivastav AK. Graphene from discharged dry cell battery electrodes. J Hazard Mater 2019; 366:358-369. [PMID: 30537653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of extracted graphite rods from discharged dry cell batteries for synthesis of graphene oxide / graphene serves two purposes, one is waste management which supports environmental safety and the second is low cost production of graphene oxide / graphene which are highly promising 2D materials in various fields of research. In the present work, a sustainable feasibility for the synthesis of graphene oxide / graphene from graphite rods of waste dry cell batteries is demonstrated. The graphite rods separated from the waste dry cell batteries were subjected to electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) in an acidic media. The graphene oxide (GO) obtained from this method was subjected to reduction heat treatment under argon atmosphere at suitable temperature and time period. Finally, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) i.e., graphene was characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, TGA, BET, SEM and TEM. The few layer graphene structure is supposed to be less defective in comparison to similar exfoliation techniques due to less oxygen-functional groups associated with the intermediate graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bandi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Syamsai Ravuri
- Center for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Dilip Ramkrishna Peshwe
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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Mohamed A, Ardyani T, Bakar SA, Sagisaka M, Umetsu Y, Hussin MRM, Ahmad MK, Mamat MH, King S, Czajka A, Hill C, Eastoe J. Preparation of conductive cellulose paper through electrochemical exfoliation of graphite: The role of anionic surfactant ionic liquids as exfoliating and stabilizing agents. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:48-59. [PMID: 30241844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile electrochemical exfoliation method was established to efficiently prepare conductive paper containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with the help of single chain anionic surfactant ionic liquids (SAILs). The surfactant ionic liquids are synthesized from conventional organic surfactant anions and a 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation. For the first time the combination of SAILs and cellulose was used to directly exfoliate graphite. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (BMIM-DBS) was shown to have notable affinity for graphene, demonstrating improved electrical properties of the conductive cellulose paper. The presence of BMIM-DBS in the system promotes five orders of magnitude enhancement of the paper electrical conductivity (2.71 × 10-5 S cm-1) compared to the native cellulose (1.97 × 10-10 S cm-1). A thorough investigation using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy highlights the presence of uniform graphene incorporated inside the matrices. Studies into aqueous aggregation behavior using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) point to the ability of this compound to act as a bridge between graphene and cellulose, and is responsible for the enhanced exfoliation level and stabilization of the resulting dispersion. The simple and feasible process for producing conductive paper described here is attractive for the possibility of scaling-up this technique for mass production of conductive composites containing graphene or other layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Tretya Ardyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masanobu Sagisaka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yasushi Umetsu
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Mohd Rofei Mat Hussin
- MIMOS Semiconductor Sdn Bhd (MSSB), Technology Park Malaysia, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
- NANO-SciTech Centre (NST), Institute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Stephen King
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Spallation Source, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX110QT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Czajka
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hill
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Eastoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Ustavytska O, Kurys Y, Koshechko V, Pokhodenko V. One-Step Electrochemical Preparation of Multilayer Graphene Functionalized with Nitrogen. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:175. [PMID: 28279028 PMCID: PMC5342992 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new environmentally friendly one-step method for producing multilayer (preferably 7-9 layers) nitrogen-doped graphene (N-MLG) with a slight amount of oxygen-containing defects was developed. The approach is based on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrode in the presence of azide ions under the conditions of electrolysis with pulse changing of the electrode polarization potential. It was found that usage of azide anions lead not only to the exfoliation of graphite but also to the simultaneous functionalization of graphene sheets by nitrogen atoms (as a result of electrochemical decomposition of azide anions with ammonia evolution). Composition, morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of N-MLG were characterized by C,H,N analysis, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, FTIR, UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry. The perspective of using N-MLG as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst and for the electrochemical analysis of biomarkers (dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid) in their mixtures was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Ustavytska
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky, 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Kurys
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky, 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine.
| | - Vyacheslav Koshechko
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky, 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Vitaly Pokhodenko
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Prospect Nauky, 31, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
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Van Thanh D, Oanh PP, Huong DT, Le PH. Ultrasonic-assisted cathodic electrochemical discharge for graphene synthesis. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:978-983. [PMID: 27773329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and highly efficient method for exfoliating of graphite to produce graphene via the synergistic effects of in-situ plasma induced electrochemical exfoliation with ultrasonic energy, called ultrasonic-assisted cathodic electrochemical discharge. This method can work at moderate temperatures without the need of acidic media or expensive ionic electrolyte. The produced graphene exhibited a large lateral dimension of approximately 6μm and a thickness of 2.5nm, corresponding to approximately seven layers of graphene. An exfoliating mechanism of graphite to produce graphene sheets is also proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Van Thanh
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam.
| | - Phung Phi Oanh
- Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Do Tra Huong
- Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc Huu Le
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Can Tho, Viet Nam
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