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Jiang P, Pang B, Li G, Han Y, Chu F. Toward well-defined colloidal particles: Efficient fractionation of lignin by a multi-solvent strategy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127948. [PMID: 37951432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) have sparked various intriguing insights toward bio-polymeric materials and triggered many lignin-featured innovative applications. Here, we report a multi-solvent sequential fractionation methodology integrating green solvents of acetone, 1-butanol, and ethanol to fractionate industrial lignin for CLPs fabrication. Through a rationally designed fractionation strategy, multigrade lignin fractions with variable hydroxyl group contents, molecular weights, and high purity were obtained without altering their original chemical structures. CLPs with well-defined morphology, narrow size distribution, excellent thermal stability, and long-term colloidal stability can be obtained by rational selection of lignin fractions. We further elucidated that trace elements (S, N) were reorganized onto the near-surface area of CLPs from lignin fractions during the formation process in the form of -SO42- and -NH2. This work provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for refining industrial lignin into high-quality fractions and an in-depth insight into the CLPs formation process, holding great promise for enriching the existing libraries of colloidal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Low-carbon and Efficient Utilization of Forest Biomass, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 16C, Stockholm 10691, Sweden.
| | - Gaiyun Li
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Low-carbon and Efficient Utilization of Forest Biomass, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Low-carbon and Efficient Utilization of Forest Biomass, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China; National Engineering Research Center for Low-carbon and Efficient Utilization of Forest Biomass, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
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2
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Tan X, Zhang Y, Ren M, Qie H, Liu M, Cui J, Liu D, Jiao C, Lin A. Effects of soil amendments on Cd and As mobility in the soil-rice system and their distribution in the grain. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166608. [PMID: 37640070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation, mobilization, and distribution of toxic metal(loid)s in rice are key factors that affect food security and determine bio-utilization patterns. In this study, five soil amendments with different components were used in paddy fields to study the key factors: organic amendments: (1) polyaspartic acid (OA1) and (2) organic fertilizer (OA2); inorganic amendments: (3) kaolinite (IA1) and (4) magnesium slag (IA2); and organic-inorganic composite amendments: (5) modified biochar/quicklime (OIA). Although the Cd and As exhibited opposite chemical dissolution behaviors, IA1/OIA, can simultaneously reduce their accumulation and transfer coefficients in rice tissues, while other amendments only work for one of them. The in situ distribution in grains showed that IA1/OIA changed the original Cd distribution in the lemma and palea, whereas all amendments reduced Cd accumulation in the germ. In contrast, OA1/IA2 amendments led to more As accumulation in the rice husks and bran than in the endosperm center, and the germ had higher As signals. Because of their similar transport pathways and interactions, the concentrations of Cd and As in the grains were correlated with a variety of mineral elements (Fe, Mo, Zn, etc.). Changes in the Cd/As concentration and distribution in rice were achieved through the improvement of soil properties and plant growth behavior through amendments. The application of OIA resulted in the highest immobilization indices, at 82.17 % and 35.34 % for Cd and As, respectively. The Cd/As concentrations in the rice grains were highly positively correlated with extractable-Cd/As in the soil (Cd: R2 = 0.95, As: R2 = 0.93). These findings reveal the migration and distribution mechanisms of Cd and As in the soil-rice system, and thus provide fundamental information for minimizing food safety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Dongpo Liu
- College of Ecological Environment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, 065201, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Bio Medical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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Huang R, Wu Z, Zhao X, Li F, Wang W, Guo Y, Li Z, Wu J. Pfaffia glomerata is a hyperaccumulator candidate: Cd and Zn tolerance, absorption, transfer, and distribution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114196. [PMID: 36252514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pfaffia glomerata is a candidate for phytoremediation due to its high biomass and high bioaccumulation efficiency of multiple heavy metals. It is essential to further evaluate its tolerance, absorption, transfer, and distribution to multiple heavy metals. In the current study, we evaluated the tolerance, absorption, transfer, and distribution of P. glomerata in a Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn combined-contaminated environment by two hydroponic experiments. The results demonstrated that P. glomerata was not affected by Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn exposure, except for the 50 μM Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn treatment, which significantly decreased the stem biomass. In a single Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn exposure, the root of P. glomerata absorbed Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn in the order of Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu. Almost all Pb and Cu accumulated in the plant roots and were hardly transferred to the aboveground parts. Therefore, the order of total Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn extraction of a single plant in multiple Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn exposures at the same concentration was Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd and Zn in roots, stems, and leaves increased with the concentration of Cd and Zn in the solution, and was > 1. In contrast with Cd and Zn, the BCFs of Cu and Pb in the stems and leaves were < 1. The element distribution of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn in the stem of P. glomerata was dispersed, indicating that the stem of P. glomerata does not have a detoxification mechanism for distributing metals to the area of low biological activity. The total amount of tartaric acid, critic acid, and DOC secreted by P. glomerata roots decreased with the increase in Cd/Pb/Cu/Zn exposure. However, further investigation is needed to unravel the interaction between the LMWOAs secreted by the root of P. glomerata and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Xinlin Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Feng Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410221, China.
| | - Zhian Li
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Xue X, Liu G, Tang Q, Shi H, Wu D, Jin C, Zhao H, Wei Y, Zhang Y. Multi-elements characteristic and potential risk of heavy metals in MOUTAN CORTEX from Anhui Province, China. Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran) 2022; 20:7829-7842. [PMID: 35968156 PMCID: PMC9361998 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the quality and safety of herbs, the content of 54 elements in MOUTAN CORTEX (MC) was determined by the ICP-AES and ICP-MS, and the health risks of Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg and rare earth elements (REEs) were assessed. These herbs were collected from 5 producing areas in Anhui Province, China, namely Wuhu, Tongling, Bozhou, Xuancheng and Chizhou. The multi-elements fingerprint identification of MC in Anhui Province was established. The total amount of macro-elements from Wuhu and Tongling is significantly lower than Bozhou. Among all MC from 5 producing areas, the highest content is Ca. Except for Bozhou, the content of macro-elements and REES in the other 4 origins of MC is from highest to lowest: Ca > K > Mg > Al > Fe > Na and Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The chemical forms of Cd in MC from Bozhou with the highest percentage were PH2O of high toxicity and migration, while the other 4 regions were PNaCl of low activity and mobility. There was a great difference in the content of inorganic elements and chemical forms of Cd between the MC produced from the plain (Bozhou) and the hilly areas (Wuhu, Tongling, Chizhou and Xuancheng). Except for Cd, the content of Cu, As, Pb and Hg in MC did not exceed the limit. The results of PTWIFact and ADI for Cd and REEs showed that MC herbs did not pose a risk to human health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04402-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - G. Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
| | - Q. Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - H. Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - D. Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - C. Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - H. Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Y. Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui China
| | - Y. Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
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Consani S, Cutroneo L. Baseline on rare earth elements in the marine sediments of a Mediterranean commercial port as environmental tracers and their relationships with inorganic contaminants. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:112961. [PMID: 34543931 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Port of Genoa (north-western Mediterranean Sea) receives sediments from two different catchment areas (Bisagno and Polcevera torrents). The aim of the work is to evaluate if Rare Earth Elements (REEs) could be used to identify the two sedimentary inputs and to unravel the origin of inorganic contaminants in an anthropised basin. REE results constitute a baseline for this port. The main REE-bearing minerals are phosphates and zircon. As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sn concentrate in the sediments closer to the Bisagno Torrent mouth, and the correlation with Ca and Light-REEs suggests their plausible geological origin. Co, Mn, and Ni maxima lie in the sediments closer to the Polcevera Torrent. Their correlation with Middle-REEs and Mg suggest that ophiolitic rocks could explain their presence. Cr, Cu, V, and Zn do not show a clear correlation with REEs, and their origin probably is a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Consani
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy
| | - Laura Cutroneo
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy.
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6
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Back S, Sakanakura H. Distribution of recoverable metal resources and harmful elements depending on particle size and density in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash from dry discharge system. Waste Manag 2021; 126:652-663. [PMID: 33872974 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA) has the potential to be used as a metal resource, it raises concerns about the potential release of harmful elements into the environment. Element distribution in terms of particle size and density should be assessed to determine the fractions for the metal resources' recovery and to remove harmful elements. For this purpose, this study proposed a series of sorting processes based on the distribution of 25 elements in the sorted fractions by sieving, magnetic separation, air table sorting, and milling from dry BA < 8 mm. The Ca, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, and Ti contents exhibited a decreasing tendency with increasing particle density and could affect the formation of low-density particles. The highest density fraction of non-magnetic components of 0.5-8 mm had abundant metal particles and recorded high Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Fe, Pb, Sb, and Au contents. In particular, the Cu (132000 mg-Cu/kg) and Zn (43000 mg-Zn/kg) contents demonstrated potential as metal resources. The fraction contained considerable proportions of Mo (77%), Cd (46%), Cu (39%), Zn (34%), Pb (26%), Au (40%), and Ag (18%) of the total amount. After milling and sieving of the highest density fraction, a substantial amount of Cd (44%), Cu (18%), Zn (12%), Pb (13%), and Ag (11%) were found in residual minerals; they could become harmful elements when recycled for construction purposes. The results show that air table sorting can separate metal resources and harmful elements before milling of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Back
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Sakanakura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Okuyama K, Matsuda Y, Yamamoto H, Sakurai M, Naito K, Shintani K, Saito T, Hayashi M, Tamaki Y. Distribution of elements in teeth and inhibition of demineralization by titanium fluoride: Effects of concentration and pH in a titanium fluoride solution. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:736-742. [PMID: 33518692 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of titanium fluoride (TiF4) concentration and pH on fluoride distribution and demineralization of root dentin surfaces. Concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 2% TiF4 (pH 1), 1% TiF4 solution adjusted to pH 4, 5, 6, and 1.35% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution were applied to root dentin surfaces. Each specimen was subjected to pH cycling (pH: 4.5-7.0) for 4 weeks. Lesion depth and calcium, fluorine, and titanium distribution were then evaluated. Our limited study indicates that lesion depth and fluorine and titanium distribution in dentin depend on the concentration of a TiF4 solution. We also found that a 1% TiF4 solution adjusted to a pH 4-6 can reduce demineralization as effectively as a similar concentration of NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Okuyama
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masahiko Sakurai
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Katsuaki Naito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kohei Shintani
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yukimichi Tamaki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
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Zhu X, Yuan Y, Jiang M, Song C, Li Y, Wang G, Otte ML. Multi-element fingerprinting of soils can reveal conversion of wetlands to croplands. Sci Total Environ 2021; 752:141997. [PMID: 32889293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of conversion of wetlands to farmlands on concentrations and distribution of elements other than those most commonly studied, partly because of the lack of stratification in wetland soils. In this study, in the Sanjiang Plain in northeastern China, we determined the concentrations of 63 elements along soil profiles at three depths: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and below the depth to which farmers would plow, at 40-60 cm, under four land uses: natural wetland, drained wetland, wetland converted to soybean field and subsequently to rice paddy field. Based on our previous work, we expected that changes in organic matter content would be an important factor affecting element concentrations, but that changes in land uses also led to decoupling of the influence of organic matter on elements. This would lead to other factors, such as changes in redox conditions, changes in hydrology and mixing of soils due to plowing, becoming more important factors affecting element distributions. Our study confirmed these expectations. Changes in organic matter content directly or indirectly affected many elements, explaining 67% of variation. Arsenic, cobalt, iron and nickel concentrations were dramatically higher and sulfur concentrations lower when wetland was converted to paddy field. Co and Ni were identified as potential chemical indicators of wetland conversion. Our research is the first to use multi-element fingerprinting to study effects of conversion of wetlands to croplands in China and showed that this relatively simple approach highlights the complexity of the many interacting factors in reclamation of wetland soils for agricultural uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Xincheng St., Dist. 5088, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Wet Ecosystem Research Group, Biological Sciences, Dept. 2715, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuncong Li
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th Street, Homestead, FL 33031-3314, USA
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China
| | - Marinus L Otte
- Wet Ecosystem Research Group, Biological Sciences, Dept. 2715, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Consani S, Cutroneo L, Carbone C, Capello M. Baseline of distribution and origin of Rare Earth Elements in marine sediment of the coastal area of the Eastern Gulf of Tigullio (Ligurian Sea, North-West Italy). Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 155:111145. [PMID: 32310098 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A study on the Rare Earth Element (REE) distribution in the bottom sediments of the Gulf of Tigullio (north-west Italy) was conducted. The results constitute a baseline for this zone of the Ligurian Sea and enabled the obtaining of valuable information on the origin and transport of sediments in the gulf. The distribution of REEs is controlled by phosphates, mainly monazite, and is generally homogeneous in the study area, reflecting the homogeneous distribution of the minerals. Some differences in REE and Sc distribution allow us to identify two sub-basins (Entella and Gromolo torrent sub-basins) characterised by slightly different geological frameworks. The "hat-shaped" observed patterns seem to indicate an overprinting of the original REE patterns due to exchanges between phosphates and seawater. REEs seem to be related with the rocks outcropping in the area, although an indirect effect of anthropic activity could be seen near a fish farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Consani
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy.
| | - Laura Cutroneo
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy
| | - Marco Capello
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, 26 Corso Europa, Genoa I-16132, Italy
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10
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Dang Z, Yu T, Xu H, Zhang H, Ren Q, Shen H. Investigation on the 2D-Distribution of Metallic Elements after Hair Dyeing. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:348-356. [PMID: 31020515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term use of hair dyes has potential effects on metal content in hair. However, little research dissects the specific distribution and composition variations of the metal after dyeing. In this study, we investigated the morphological change and metallic elements content variation after dyeing. The results showed that the concentration of essential metal elements decreased, among which the Ca, K, and Na decreased sharply even above 50%. As for the heavy metal, the most significant observation is that Pb increased almost by five times after dyeing. Besides, it revealed, using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), that Pb concentrated at the outer layer of the hair. In addition, two-dimensional proton-induced X-ray emission (2D-PIXE) was applied to analyze the distribution of metallic elements along the longitudinal and cross section of the hair. The results showed that Ca and Zn distributed evenly in the hair along the longitudinal and cross section. It is the first time that 2D-PIXE is applied to analyze the metallic distribution in the hair. This method exhibits high sensitivity and can be widely used in the environmental and medical field to analyze the distribution of metallic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Dang
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hailei Zhang
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingguang Ren
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd., Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- Modern Physics Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd. (Handan Campus), Shanghai, 200433, China
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11
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Tanda S, Ličbinský R, Hegrová J, Goessler W. Impact of New Year's Eve fireworks on the size resolved element distributions in airborne particles. Environ Int 2019; 128:371-378. [PMID: 31078006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
New Year's Eve fireworks represent one of the most unusual atmospheric pollution events in the course of a year. A majority of particles aerosolized by burning of fireworks consist of metals and their compounds used in firework displays. In this study, ambient particulate matter was sampled using a 14 stage cascade impactor in two European cities during turn of the years 2016/17 and 2017/18. Concentrations of 33 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. To assess the impact of New Year's Eve fireworks on ambient air quality, chemically resolved size distributions of particles with diameters between 15 nm and 10 μm collected during fireworks episodes were compared to ones collected in normal winter weeks. For some metals a distinct shift of their concentration maximum related to fireworks could be observed, which is in between the maxima for accumulation and coarse mode particles. Concentrations of these elements (Sr, Ba, Mg, Bi, Al, Cu and K) were also higher during weeks with fireworks episodes than during control weeks. Although New Year's Eve fireworks only take place once a year, these results show that air pollution caused by fireworks can be a potential health risk, especially for people with pre-existing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tanda
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Ličbinský
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Buildings Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Buildings Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Goessler
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Guo L, Wu W, Ni S, Wang Z, Song M. Effects of annealing on the microstructural evolution and phase transition in an AlCrCuFeNi 2 high-entropy alloy. Micron 2017; 101:69-77. [PMID: 28662413 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An AlCrCuFeNi2 high entropy alloy (HEA) was prepared by arc melting, followed by annealing at different temperatures. The elemental distributions, phase formation, morphology and microstructural evolution of the HEA in both the as-cast state and annealed state were investigated. The results indicate that the HEA undergoes elements segregation, precipitation and spinodal decomposition. The as-cast alloy consists of Cr-Fe-Ni rich FCC dendritic (DR) phase and BCC interdendritic (ID) phase. Spherical Fe-Cr rich BCC precipitates were found to disperse in Al-Ni rich B2 (ordered BCC) matrix. After heat treatments, the distribution of elements clearly changes, along with changes of the constituent phase and morphology. After annealing at 600°C, the DR region remains Cr-Fe-Ni rich phase, while some spherical precipitates transform into the needle-like structure within the ID region. The L12 (ordered FCC) nanorod-shaped phase ((Ni,Cu)3Al) and plate-like Al-Ni rich phase form within the DR region when annealing up to 900°C. The L12 phase almost dissolves in the FCC matrix due to the order-disorder transition and an obvious coarsening of the Fe-Cr rich phase occurs after annealing at 1100°C. The segregation of Cu atoms at the interface between DR and ID regions is found at the as-cast state, while a uniform distribution of Cu atoms in DR and ID regions was observed after annealing at 1100°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Song Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH 03755, USA
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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13
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Liu W, Zhang ZJ, Zhao YJ, Li BC, Wang M. Distinct mechanisms in the numerosity processing of random and regular dots. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2017; 174:17-30. [PMID: 28131034 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms of the numerosity coding of random and regular dot distribution patterns. Experiment 1 revealed that connectedness significantly affected the numerosity perception of randomly distributed dots, and two adjacent dots were considered to be one numeral unit when connected via lines. The connectedness effect was much weaker on the numerosity perception of regularly distributed dots in vertical or horizontal queues and was absent in the perception of dots in diagonal queues. Experiment 2 demonstrated that randomly distributed adaptors induced a stronger effect of adaptation compared with regular adaptors when random dots after adaptation were used to test participants' numerosity perception. Experiment 3 found that the change in stimulus orientation has no effect on adaptation for random patterns. However, for regular patterns, adapting stimuli with an orientation identical to the tests caused stronger aftereffects compared with those with a different orientation. In Experiment 4, when random adaptors were presented in one eye of a participant, the adaptation aftereffect was shown to exist in both the exposed and un-exposed eyes (binocular transfer), whereas the aftereffect of regular adaptors remained only in the exposed eye (monocular transfer). We interpret that distinct mechanisms might control the numerosity processing of randomly and regularly distributed dots. Generic numerosity processing seems to be automatically inhibited based on the coding of regular patterns. The absence of numeral unit individuation, which is coded at a higher visual-processing level, might play an important role in this inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing-Chen Li
- Human-Technology Interaction, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
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14
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Felja I, Romić M, Romić D, Bakić H, Pikelj K, Juračić M. Application of empirical model to predict background metal concentration in mixed carbonate-alumosilicate sediment (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 106:190-199. [PMID: 26975609 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 96m long sediment core (S10-33) from the Mali Ston Channel (Adriatic Sea) showed large natural variation in carbonate share (between 1% and 95%) and concentration of elements. These variations indicate rather significant changes in fine-grained sediment that was deposited in this area during Younger Pleistocene and Holocene. Unaffected by anthropogenic influence, sediment in the core was used to determine background concentration of trace elements in sediment with various carbonate content. Here we propose a method of the normalization of trace elements to carbonate share, in order to assess natural/background concentration of metals in sediments consisting of carbonates and alumosilicates in various proportions. Six characteristic metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) that were normalized to carbonate share showed very good correlation, with much higher background concentrations in alumosilicate than in carbonate end member. Simple formulas were proposed to easily determine background concentration of these elements, in coastal and shelf depositional environments with mixed carbonate-alumosilicate sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Felja
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Romić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Amelioration, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Davor Romić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Amelioration, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Helena Bakić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Amelioration, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kristina Pikelj
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mladen Juračić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Madejón P, Cantos M, Jiménez-Ramos MC, Marañón T, Murillo JM. Effects of soil contamination by trace elements on white poplar progeny: seed germination and seedling vigour. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:663. [PMID: 26433900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is considered a critical phase in plant development and relatively sensitive to heavy metals. White poplar (Populus alba) trees tend to accumulate Cd and Zn in their tissues. We tested if soil contamination can affect P. alba progeny, reduced seed germination and explored the distribution of mineral elements in the seed. For this purpose, fruits and seeds from female P. alba trees were selected from two contaminated and one non-contaminated areas. Seeds from all the sites were germinated using only water or a nutritive solution (in vitro). Concentrations of nutrients and trace elements in the fruits and seeds were analysed. Seedling growth in vitro was also analysed. Finally, a mapping of different elements within the poplar seed was obtained by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Germination was similar between different progenies, refuting our hypothesis that seeds from a contaminated origin would have reduced germination capacity compared to those from a non-contaminated site. Seedling growth was not affected by the contaminated origin. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in fruits produced by P. alba trees in the contaminated sites were higher than by those from the non-contaminated site. However, the nutritional status of the trees was adequate in both cases. Cd in seedlings was higher in those from contaminated soils although lower than in fruits, indicating a certain exclusion from seeds. Preliminary results of the PIXE technique showed that Al and Zn were distributed uniformly in the seeds (Cd was not detected with this technique), while the nutrients P and S were concentrated in the cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Madejón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS, CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain.
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS, CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Teodoro Marañón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS, CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Murillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS, CSIC, P. O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain
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16
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Klančnik K, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kelemen M, Vavpetič P, Pelicon P, Kump P, Jezeršek D, Gianoncelli A, Gaberščik A. Leaf optical properties are affected by the location and type of deposited biominerals. J Photochem Photobiol B 2014; 140:276-85. [PMID: 25194526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to relate the properties of incrusted plant tissues and structures as well as biomineral concentrations and localization with leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra from 280nm to 880nm in the grasses Phragmites australis, Phalaris arundinacea, Molinia caerulea and Deschampsia cespitosa, and the sedge Carex elata. Redundancy analysis revealed that prickle-hair length on adaxial surface and thickness of lower epidermis exerted significant effects in P. australis; prickle-hair density at abaxial leaf surface and thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf surface in P. arundinacea; thickness of epidermis on adaxial leaf in D. cespitosa; prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and thickness of cuticle in M. caerulea; and prickle-hair density on adaxial leaf surface and cuticle thickness of the lower side in C. elata. Micro-PIXE and LEXRF elemental localization analysis show that all of these structures and tissues are encrusted by Si and/or by Ca. Reflectance spectra were significantly affected by the Ca concentrations, while Si and Mg concentrations and the Ca concentrations significantly affected transmittance spectra. High concentrations of Mg were detected in epidermal vacuoles of P. arundinacea, M. caerulea and D. cespitosa. Al co-localises with Si in the cuticle, epidermis and/or prickle hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klančnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kelemen
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Vavpetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kump
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Jezeršek
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alenka Gaberščik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Yang L, Hort N, Laipple D, Höche D, Huang Y, Kainer KU, Willumeit R, Feyerabend F. Element distribution in the corrosion layer and cytotoxicity of alloy Mg-10Dy during in vitro biodegradation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8475-87. [PMID: 23063554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour, the element distribution in the corrosion layer and the cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy. The corrosion experiments were performed in a cell culture medium (CCM) under cell culture conditions close to the in vivo environment. The element distribution on the surface as well as in cross-sections of the corrosion layer was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy with primary human osteoblasts was evaluated by MTT, cell adhesion and live/dead staining tests. The results show that the corrosion layer was enriched in Dy, while the P and Ca content gradually decreased from the surface to the bottom of the corrosion layer. In addition, large amounts of MgCO3·3H2O formed in the corrosion layer after 28 days immersion. Both extracts and the Dy-enriched corrosion layer of alloy Mg-10Dy showed no cytotoxicity to primary human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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