Stanisławska IJ, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Kiss AK. The effects of urolithins on the response of prostate cancer cells to non-steroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide.
Phytomedicine 2018;
46:176-183. [PMID:
30097116 DOI:
10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.054]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Urolithins are bioavailable products of gut microbiota metabolism of ellagitannins. Their biological activity includes anti-cancer effects.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of urolithins on prostate cancer cells and activity of clinically used anti-androgen, bicalutamide.
METHODS
Prostate cancer cells were treated with urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C or their combinations with bicalutamide. Cell proliferation was determined by DNA fluorescence with Hoechst 33258. The combination index method was used to examine interactions. Apoptosis and androgen receptor (AR) localization were analysed by flow cytometry. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) secretion was measured by ELISA.
RESULTS
Urolithins inhibited proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The mixtures of bicalutamide with uroA and uroB had additive anti-proliferative effect. All tested urolithins induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells. However, the combinations of bicalutamide with urolithin A and urolithin B had attenuated pro-apoptotic activity. UroA and uroC decreased DHT-induced PSA secretion. In contrast, uroB impaired PSA lowering effect of bicalutamide. UroA, individually and in combination with bicalutamide, promoted cytoplasmic localization of AR.
CONCLUSION
Urolithins might contribute to chemopreventive activity of ellagitannin rich preparations. Our results support use of ellagitannin rich preparations in prostate cancer chemoprevention, but advise caution in their potential use in complementary therapy of prostate cancer. The differences in activity profiles of urolithins indicate that possible health benefits and interactions will depend on the type of produced ellagitannins metabolite.
Collapse