The current status and factors related to the preparation of home first-aid kits in China

Background

Home first-aid kits can play an important role when residents are injured, suddenly become seriously ill or suffer from disasters.

Purpose

To explore the home first-aid kit preparedness of Chinese residents and the relationship between demographic sociological characteristics, self-efficacy, Big Five personality, health literacy and home first-aid kit preparation behavior.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. Information was collected through a self-designed questionnaire consisting of sociological characteristics, the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSES), the Health Literacy Scale Short-Form (HLS-SF12), and the 10-item short version of Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). Rank sum test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between independent variables and home first-aid kit preparation behavior.

Results

A total of 9,344 respondents were included, and 2,156 (23.07%) prepared home first-aid kits. Among the respondents who had prepared their home first-aid kits, disinfection supplies (85.20%), medical masks (84.51%), commonly used drugs (82.79%) were the most frequently available. The respondents whose geographic area was Central and Western China, permanent residence in the urban area, secondary education or above, monthly income of 3,000 RMB or above, health care cost-bearing method mainly resident health insurance, high subgroup of self-efficacy, high subgroup of health care dimension in health literacy, and whose openness and conscientiousness was high subgroup were more likely to prepare home first-aid kits (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The preparation rate for home first-aid kits in China is less than a quarter. The public's home first-aid kit preparation behavior is related to demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, health literacy, and the openness of the Big Five personality. A multi-level linked national emergency literacy education system should be established to enhance the residents' attention to home first-aid kits and improve the residents' ability to prevent emergencies.

Laboratory biosafety emergency management for SARS-CoV-2

A biosafety laboratory is a prerequisite for studying emerging infectious diseases. Safe and effective operation in laboratories and the handling of pathogens determine the safety of the personnel, pathogens, and the environment in the laboratory, which are among the key factors for successful experimentation. In this article, we aimed to provide ideas for the emergency management of biosafety laboratories, including a discussion on the urgency of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related experimental activities, tracking clinical information, taking emergency measures, revision of the risk assessment process, and standardization of personal protective equipment and personnel behavior standards.

An assessment of Nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency care related to road traffic accident victims at three selected hospitals in Rwanda

INTRODUCTION

Quality emergency nursing care is an important variable in reducing death and disability due to road traffic accidents (RTA), yet little is known about emergency nursing care within the Rwandan context. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses of the emergency care of RTA patients.

METHOD

We employed a cross sectional design to survey the full cohort of nurses working in Accident and Emergency (A&E) units in three selected Rwandan hospitals (N = 51).

RESULTS

This study revealed that the knowledge and practice of nurses is either high or very high and the majority of them (73.657%) had a positive attitude towards emergency management of RTA patients. Being trained before working in A&E units was associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of being at the level of practice which is (1) very high (OR = 5.35, 95%, CI = 5.20-5.50), (2) high (OR = 1.60, 95%, CI = 1.17-2.19) (3), moderate (OR = 5.35,95%, CI = 4.15-6.88) and (4) low (OR = 1.33,95%, CI = 1.33-133) and it decreased more than 99.9% the likelihood of being at low level of practice in all levels.

DISCUSSION

The study showed that training had a significant effect on practice and this is supported by previous studies. Training interventions to improve the management of RTA patients by nurses working in A&E should be regularly audited to ensure ongoing quality of care.

Simulation of Urgent Airway Management in a Postthyroidectomy Hematoma

INTRODUCTION

An expanding neck hematoma following thyroidectomy is a rare complication requiring urgent airway management and potential bedside evacuation before definitive surgical intervention. Due to its rare occurrence and life-threatening consequences, appropriate crisis resource management and a systematic approach are critical for patient safety.

METHODS

In this simulation scenario using a high-fidelity mannequin, a 68-year-old male presented with an expanding cervical hematoma 2 hours after a total thyroidectomy. The target audience was junior residents (PGY 1, PGY 2) in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Residents were given a case stem to encourage active information gathering through history and physical examination. Setup and flow of the scenario were designed for residents to prioritize establishing an airway through bedside decompression of the hematoma prior to making operating room arrangements for definitive management. Standardized patients playing a ward nurse and patient family member added complexity to the case.

RESULTS

Since 2012, the simulation has been used with a total of 96 residents as part of an annual boot camp. Surveys conducted after the boot camp verified the effectiveness of simulations in learning and, specifically, the usefulness of this scenario.

DISCUSSION

Simulation-based training is an effective learning modality for critical cases in health care disciplines involving emergency airway management. A well-developed simulation that closely resembles a real-life scenario is essential in creating a rich learning environment for trainees. Our scenario can be a valuable resource for other institutions implementing simulation-based training as part of their medical education.

Ambulance Service Associated With Reduced Probabilities Of Neonatal And Infant Mortality In Two Indian States

India had no large-scale, centralized emergency medical system or ambulance service until 2005. Since then, the GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute (GVK EMRI) has emerged as India's largest ambulance service provider, covering more than 630 million people. This study provides the first quantitative evidence of GVK EMRI's early impact on population-level infant and maternal health outcomes in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, two Indian states with a combined population of about 145 million people. We found that GVK EMRI coverage is associated with reductions in the probability of neonatal and infant mortality as well as delivery complications (statewide in Andhra Pradesh and in high-mortality districts in Gujarat). However, we found little change in the probability of institutional delivery or skilled birth attendance. Taken together, our findings suggest that population-level health gains were achieved through improvements in the quality (rather than quantity) of maternal and neonatal health services-an interpretation consistent with qualitative reports. More research on this topic is needed.

Emergency Management of Priapism in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Current Practice

BACKGROUND

Despite its importance, current practice in the emergency management of priapism in the United Kingdom is unknown.

AIM

To evaluate current practice in the emergency management of priapism in the United Kingdom.

METHODS

All "full," "associate urological specialist," and "trainee" members of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS; leading membership-based organization for practitioners of urologic surgery in the United Kingdom) were invited to participate in an online survey. Questions related to the emergency management of priapism, access to tertiary andrology services, and use of guidelines.

OUTCOMES

Key outcome measures included frequency of encountered cases, access to specialist andrology support, confidence in key management steps, and use of current guidelines.

RESULTS

213 of 1,304 (16.3%) eligible members completed the survey. Most reported managing 1 case annually (median = 1, range = 0->10). Only 7.0% transferred patients to a tertiary center and 87.8% believed they could access specialist andrology advice if required. Respondents were less confident in performing intracavernosal phenylephrine instillation (88.7%) compared with corporal aspiration (98.1%), with confidence lowest among trainee members. Only 68.5% reported performing the distal shunt procedure. Of the 212 respondents that chose to answer questions relating to guidelines, only 155 (73.1%) were aware of their existence, with those published by the European Association of Urology being most popular (53.8%). 205 (96.2%) respondents expressed an interest in the development of a UK-specific guideline, with 162 of 212 (76.4%) stating they would use this in practice.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Urologists in the United Kingdom support the development of UK-specific guidance on the emergency management of priapism for use within the context of the National Health Service.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS

This is the first study to assess current practice in the emergency management of priapism in the United Kingdom. Its strength is that most UK urologists were invited to participate through collaboration with the BAUS. Although the response rate of 16.3% is acceptable for a national survey of this nature, responses were self-reported, rendering them susceptible to bias.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that some UK urologists lack confidence in key steps in the emergency management of priapism and identifies a strong level of support for the development of up-to-date UK-specific guidance. Bullock N, Steggall M, Brown G. Emergency Management of Priapism in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Current Practice. J Sex Med 2018;15:476-479.