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Yang Q, Liao W, Wei Z, Qiu R, Zheng Q, Wu Q, Chen Y. Degradation and humification of steroidal estrogens in the soil environment: A review. Chemosphere 2024; 357:142043. [PMID: 38626810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants are toxic and harmful chemical substances characterized by environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and biotoxicity, which can harm the ecological environment and even threaten human health. There are four categories of emerging pollutants that are causing widespread concern, namely, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastics. The distribution of emerging pollutants has spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which is influenced by factors such as geographical location, climatic conditions, population density, emission amount, etc. Steroidal estrogens (SEs) discussed in this paper belong to the category of endocrine disruptors. There are generally three types of fate for SEs in the soil environment: sorption, degradation and humification. Humification is a promising pathway for the removal of SEs, especially for those that are difficult to degrade. Through humification, these difficult-to-degrade SEs can be effectively transferred or fixed, thus reducing their impact on the environment and organisms. Contrary to the well-studied process of sorption and degradation, the role and promise of the humification process for the removal of SEs has been underestimated. Based on the existing research, this paper reviews the sources, classification, properties, hazards and environmental behaviors of SEs in soil, and focuses on the degradation and humification processes of SEs and the environmental factors affecting their processes, such as temperature, pH, etc. It aims to provide references for the follow-up research of SEs, and advocates further research on the humification of organic pollutants in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weishan Liao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zebin Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Qitang Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China.
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