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Bortolini E, Pagani L, Oxilia G, Posth C, Fontana F, Badino F, Saupe T, Montinaro F, Margaritora D, Romandini M, Lugli F, Papini A, Boggioni M, Perrini N, Oxilia A, Cigliano RA, Barcelona R, Visentin D, Fasser N, Arrighi S, Figus C, Marciani G, Silvestrini S, Bernardini F, Menghi Sartorio JC, Fiorenza L, Cecchi JM, Tuniz C, Kivisild T, Gianfrancesco F, Peresani M, Scheib CL, Talamo S, D'Esposito M, Benazzi S. Early Alpine occupation backdates westward human migration in Late Glacial Europe. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2484-2493.e7. [PMID: 33887180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Before the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼16.5 ka ago)1 set in motion major shifts in human culture and population structure,2 a consistent change in lithic technology, material culture, settlement pattern, and adaptive strategies is recorded in Southern Europe at ∼18-17 ka ago. In this time frame, the landscape of Northeastern Italy changed considerably, and the retreat of glaciers allowed hunter-gatherers to gradually recolonize the Alps.3-6 Change within this renewed cultural frame (i.e., during the Late Epigravettian phase) is currently associated with migrations favored by warmer climate linked to the Bølling-Allerød onset (14.7 ka ago),7-11 which replaced earlier genetic lineages with ancestry found in an individual who lived ∼14 ka ago at Riparo Villabruna, Italy, and shared among different contexts (Villabruna Cluster).9 Nevertheless, these dynamics and their chronology are still far from being disentangled due to fragmentary evidence for long-distance interactions across Europe.12 Here, we generate new genomic data from a human mandible uncovered at Riparo Tagliente (Veneto, Italy), which we directly dated to 16,980-16,510 cal BP (2σ). This individual, affected by focal osseous dysplasia, is genetically affine to the Villabruna Cluster. Our results therefore backdate by at least 3 ka the diffusion in Southern Europe of a genetic component linked to Balkan/Anatolian refugia, previously believed to have spread during the later Bølling/Allerød event. In light of the new genetic evidence, this population replacement chronologically coincides with the very emergence of major cultural transitions in Southern and Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy; CaSEs (Culture and Socio-Ecological Dynamics) Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luca Pagani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy; Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Federica Fontana
- Department of Humanities - Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Badino
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy; Research Group on Vegetation, Climate and Human Stratigraphy, Lab of Palynology and Palaeoecology, CNR - Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG), 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Tina Saupe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco Montinaro
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Davide Margaritora
- Department of Humanities - Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Andrea Papini
- Dentist surgeon, via Walter Tobagi 35, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Marco Boggioni
- Dentist surgeon, via D'Andrade 34/207, 16154 Genova Sestri Ponente, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrini
- Dentist surgeon, Centro di Odontoiatria e Stomatologia, Via Luca Signorelli, 5, 51100 Pistoia PT, Italy
| | - Antonio Oxilia
- General surgeon, via Marcantonio Della Torre, 7, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Barcelona
- Sequentia Biotech, Calle Comte D'Urgell 240, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, Via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; Departamento de Matemáticas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Visentin
- Archaeology of Social Dynamics, Institució Milà i Fontanals, Spanish National Research Council (IMF-CSIC), C/Egipcíaques 15, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolò Fasser
- Department of Humanities - Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Carla Figus
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giulia Marciani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sara Silvestrini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Department of Humanities, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dorsoduro, 3484/D, 30123 Venezia, Italy; Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera, 11 - 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jessica C Menghi Sartorio
- Department of Humanities - Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Earth Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jacopo Moggi Cecchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze 50122, Italy
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The "Abdus Salam" International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera, 11 - 34151 Trieste, Italy; Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b 51010 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, Via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Peresani
- Department of Humanities - Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christiana L Scheib
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maurizio D'Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, Via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1 48121 Ravenna, Italy; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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