Ethical challenges raised by osteoporosis-related clinical trials

The Article Abstract is not available.

Understanding Willingness to Participate in HIV Biomedical Research: A Mixed Methods Investigation

Biomedical research often enrolls people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving effective treatment to complete invasive procedures. This mixed methods study characterized determinants of willingness to undergo specific biomedical procedures among PLWH. In 2017, 61 participants (77% Black) from Miami completed a quantitative assessment examining willingness to participate. A subset of 19 participants completed an in-depth qualitative interview. Across all procedures, there was greater willingness to participate if asked by a primary care provider and if experimental results were shared. However, half of participants reported that they would experience undue influence (i.e., excessive persuasion) to participate from their primary care provider. In thematic analyses, altruism and personal benefit were identified as facilitators while medication changes, confidentiality, and perceived stigma were identified as barriers to participation in HIV biomedical research. Addressing participants' expectations and mitigating potential undue influence from primary care providers could optimize the ethical conduct of HIV biomedical studies.

[Translation and validation in italian of the Moral Distress Scale for psychiatric nurses (MDS-P)]

AIM

Moral distress (MD) is a painful feeling and/or psychological disequilibrium, which may lead to negative consequences into the wellness of a nurse's working life. Nurses who work in psychiatry are more likely to experience a different type of MD compared with nurses of other contexts. In Italy a tool to evaluate MD in nurses who work in psychiatry doesn't exist. The aim of this study is to validate the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric Nurses (MDS-P) in Italian language.

METHOD

For translation the forward and back-translation has been used; the effectiveness regarding content and face validity of the translated scale has been analyzed through a focus group with experts of the field. In order to check the reliability of the scale the test-retest method has been used, by means of the determination of Spearman's correlation coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha.

RESULTS

The forward and back-translation process was successful. During the focus group analysis, 8 items were added to the 15 items of the original scale, due to experts suggestions. 32 nurses took part in the test-retest phase. Spearman's correlation coefficient resulted to be 0,91, ICC > 0,9, Cronbach's alpha calculated on test and retest, was always >0,9.

CONCLUSION

The Italian version of the MDS-P proves to be an effective, appropriate and reliable instrument to measure the MD phenomenon within the population of nurses who work in the psychia- tric field in Italy.