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Gardes T, Debret M, Copard Y, Coynel A, Deloffre J, Fournier M, Revillon S, Nizou J, Develle AL, Sabatier P, Marcotte S, Patault E, Faivre Q, Portet-Koltalo F. Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138249. [PMID: 32408455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on rivers have increased significantly over the past ~150 years, particularly at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Among other signs, this impact is manifested through the addition of trace metals and metalloid elements to rivers. The Eure River watershed in France covers an area of 6017 km2 and is a major tributary of the Seine estuary. It is not exempt from anthropogenic pressures and has been exposed to significant metal discharges over the last 80 years. The average concentrations of metals (i.e., Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sb, and Pb), in suspended particulate matter currently transported by the river are high compared to the local geochemical background. Moreover, the lack of correlation between concentration variations and the hydrosedimentary behaviour of the Eure River suggests that the river is currently under anthropogenic pressure. Analysis of sediment cores indicate strong As contamination during the 1940s, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd contamination during the 1960s and 1970s, and Sb and Pb contamination during the 1990s and 2000s. The enrichment factors calculation suggests that total anthropogenic pressure within the Eure River watershed since the 1940s was comparable or higher than those in many other French watersheds. An estimation of particulate metal flux in 2017 shows that the Eure River watershed contributed to 7, 8, 9, 10 and 16% of total inputs to the Seine estuary in Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively. Moreover, the estimation of past theoretical flux indicates that during the 1990s the Eure River watershed was the main contributor of particulate Pb to the estuary. The use of Pb isotopes has revealed that this contamination was primarily of industrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gardes
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, Rouen, UMR CNRS, 6014 COBRA, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5085, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Julien Deloffre
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Fournier
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Jean Nizou
- IFREMER, IUEM, Place N. Copernic, F-29280 Brest, France
| | - Anne-Lise Develle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Stéphane Marcotte
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, INSA de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6014 COBRA, Avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Patault
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Quentin Faivre
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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