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Amaral D, Filipe DM, Cavalheri TF, Vieira L, Magalhães RP, Belo I, Peres H, Ozório ROA. Solid-State Fermentation of Plant Feedstuff Mixture Affected the Physiological Responses of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Reared at Different Temperatures and Subjected to Salinity Oscillation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36766282 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of plant feedstuff mixture (PFM) pre-treated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on the physiological responses of European seabass. For that purpose, two diets were formulated to contain: 20% inclusion level of non-fermented plant ingredients mixture (20Mix) and 20Mix fermented by A. niger in SSF conditions (20Mix-SSF). Seabass juveniles (initial body weight: 20.9 ± 3.3 g) were fed the experimental diets, reared at two different temperatures (21 and 26 °C) and subjected to weekly salinity oscillations for six weeks. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, humoral immune parameters, and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. A reduction in weight gain, feed intake, and thermal growth coefficient was observed in fish fed the fermented diet (20Mix-SSF). Salinity oscillation led to an increase in weight gain, feed efficiency, daily growth index, and thermal growth coefficient, regardless of dietary treatment. Higher rearing temperatures also increased daily growth index. No dietary effect was observed on digestive enzymes activities, whereas rearing temperature and salinity oscillation modulated digestive enzyme activities. Oxidative stress responses were significantly affected by experimental diets, temperature, and salinity conditions. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities showed an interactive effect. Fish reared at 21 °C showed higher enzymatic activity when fed the 20Mix-SSF. Conversely, fish reared at 26 °C showed higher GPx activity when fed the 20Mix diet. Fish reared at 26 °C showed reduced peroxidase and lysozyme activities, while salinity fluctuation led to increased lysozyme activity and decreased ACH50 activity. ACH50 activity increased in fish fed the 20Mix-SSF. Overall, the dietary inclusion of PFM fermented by A. niger was unable to mitigate the impact of environmental stress on physiological performance in European seabass. In fact, fermented feed caused an inhibition of growth performances and an alteration of some physiological stress indicators.
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Zhang Z, Zhou C, Fan K, Zhang L, Liu Y, Liu PF. Metabolomics analysis of the effects of temperature on the growth and development of juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Total Environ 2021; 769:145155. [PMID: 33485208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature variations have significant impacts on the growth and development of fish. In this study, the effects of temperature on the growth and development of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Three groups of fish were exposed to various temperatures for 60 days: T1-E (10 °C), T2-E (15 °C), and T3-E (20 °C). Afterward, the temperature of all groups was increased to 20 °C and maintained for 62 days (T1-S, T2-S, T3-S). The livers were extracted for subsequent analysis. In the first stage of the experiment, the growth rate was highest in the T3-E group, followed by the T1-E and T2-E groups. The following metabolites identified by comparative analysis were found to be elevated: L-thyroxine, cysteamine, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, α-ketoglutaric acid, carbamoyl phosphate, and guanidine acetic acid of the T1-E group. Pathway analysis of the altered metabolites suggested changes in glucose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the ornithine cycle, histidine metabolism, and taurine metabolism, which were involved with growth and development. Meanwhile, partial compensatory growth was observed in fish in the T1-S and T2-S groups. Metabolites identified as potential markers of growth included L-cysteine, taurocholic acid, UDP-glucose, and L-thyroxine. The significantly changed metabolic pathways were cysteine and methionine metabolism, bile secretion, tyrosine metabolism, and hypotaurine metabolism. We screened out the marker metabolites and metabolic pathway could provide important insights into the potential mechanisms of temperature affects the growth and development of European seabass. All in all, our research can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for efficiently culturing European seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Ferreira IA, Costa JZ, Macchia V, Dawn Thompson K, Baptista T. Detection of Betanodavirus in experimentally infected European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) using non-lethal sampling methods. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1097-1105. [PMID: 31180142 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the major disease threats affecting the Mediterranean aquaculture industry is viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). The target organs for Betanodavirus detection are the brain and eyes, obtained through lethal sampling. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and suitability of non-lethal samples for detecting Betanodavirus in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). European seabass juveniles were infected with Betanodavirus, by either an intramuscular injection or immersion (107 TCID50 /ml and 106 TCID50 /ml, respectively), and samples collected 7, 15 and 30 days post-infection (dpi). The brain was collected as a lethal sample, and gills, caudal fin and blood as non-lethal tissues for detecting Betanodavirus by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The presence of virus in non-lethal tissues was inconsistent, with lower viral loads than in the brain. For blood, higher viral loads were detected in intramuscular-infected fish at 15 dpi until the end of the challenge. Serum antibodies against Betanodavirus were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies were detected as early as 7 dpi, with higher mean antibody titres at 15 and 30 dpi. The presence of Betanodavirus-specific antibodies indicates that this is a suitable evaluation method for detecting early stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Almeida Ferreira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - Janina Z Costa
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - Valeria Macchia
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | | | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Guardiola FA, Cerezuela R, Afonso A, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Esteban MA, Costas B. Local immune response of two mucosal surfaces of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fed tryptophan- or methionine-supplemented diets. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 70:76-86. [PMID: 28882794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses relies on an adequate provision of multiple nutrients that sustain the synthesis of key effector molecules. These needs are depicted in the already reported increase of circulating free amino acids in fish under stressful conditions. Since aquaculture and the inherent fish welfare are an emergent call, the immunomodulatory effects of amino acids on gut- and skin-associated lymphoid tissues of the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were studied under unstressed conditions and after an inflammatory insult. To achieve this goal, fish were distributed in duplicate tanks (fifteen fish per tank) and were fed for 14 days with methionine or tryptophan-supplemented diets at 2× dietary requirement level (MET and TRP, respectively) or a control diet meeting the amino acids requirement levels (CTRL). Afterwards, samples of skin and posterior gut were collected from 6 fish per dietary treatment for the assessment of the immune status while the remaining animals were intraperitoneally-injected with inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and subsequently sampled either 4 or 24 h post-injection. The immune status of both mucosal surfaces was poorly affected, although a tryptophan effect was denoted after bacterial inoculation, with several immune-related genes up-regulated in the gut at 4 h post-injection, which seems to suggest a neuroendocrine-immune systems interaction. In contrast, skin mucosal immunity was inhibited by tryptophan dietary supplementation. Regarding methionine, results were often statistically non-significant, though increasing trends were denoted in a few parameters. Overall, dietary methionine did not significantly affect neither gut nor skin immunity, whereas tryptophan supplementation seems to induce modulatory mechanisms that might be tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - R Cerezuela
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - H Peres
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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