1
|
Aker A, Caron-Beaudoin É, Ayotte P, Ricard S, Gilbert V, Avard E, Lemire M. Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities: a case for further research. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2022; 32:400-407. [PMID: 35347231 PMCID: PMC9119853 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutant exposures are well-documented in the Arctic, but fewer studies examined non-persistent chemicals, despite increased market food and consumer product consumption. OBJECTIVE To measure phenol, paraben, phthalate, and alternative plasticizer concentrations in Inuit adults. METHODS The study included 30 pooled urine samples from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) participants. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across sex, age, and regions, and compared to those in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the First Nations Biomonitoring Initiative (FNBI). RESULTS Q2017 bisphenol-A concentrations were double the CHMS 2018-2019 concentrations [GM (95% CI): 1.98 (1.69-2.31) versus 0.71 (0.60-0.84) µg/g creatinine], but in line with FNBI [1.74 (1.41-2.13) µg/g creatinine]. Several phthalate concentrations were higher in Q2017 versus CHMS, particularly monobenzyl phthalate, which was was 19-fold higher in Q2017 versus CHMS 2018-2019 [45.26 (39.35-52.06) versus 2.4 (2.0-2.9) µg/g creatinine] and four-fold higher than FNBI. There were also four-fold higher concentrations of the two alternate plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TIXB) metabolites in Q2017 compared to CHMS 2018-2019. Women and people living in Ungava Bay had generally higher concentrations of non-persistent chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest higher concentrations of certain non-persistent chemicals in Inuit versus the general Canadian population. IMPACT Few studies have explored non-persistent chemical distributions in Northern communities, despite the increasing consumer product and market food consumption. We analyzed 30 pooled samples from the Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2017 to assess exposures to common plasticizes and plastic constituents and compare their levels with the general Canadian population and First Nation groups. We observed particularly higher levels of bisphenol-A, of monobenzyl phthalate, and of two 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) metabolites among Nunavimmiut compared to the general Canadian population, notably among women and Ungava Bay residents. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings and identify potential adverse health effects from these exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Aker
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Élyse Caron-Beaudoin
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 828 West 10th Avenue, Research Pavilion, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Ricard
- Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Gilbert
- Kativik Regional Government based in Saint-Laurent, Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - Ellen Avard
- Nunavik Research Centre, Makivik Corporation, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1050 Ch Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei S, Liu SY, Zhang Y, Jiang DJ, Xin JR, Zhao TY, Chen YQ, Zhang MB, Yang L. [Survey on present status of noise exposure of workers in metal processing industry]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:540-543. [PMID: 34365769 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200630-00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the distribution of noise exposure between non-steady state noise and steady-state noise for metal processing workers, which will provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of noise hazards in metal processing industry. Methods: The cross-section method was used to investigate the noise exposure of 737 workers from three metal processing industries in Zhejiang Province from October to December 2017. The general demographic information and occupational history were collected by questionnaire. The noise was recorded by individual noise meters, and the noise exposure intensity (equivalent continuous A-weighted noise exposure level normalized to an 8 h-working-day, L(Aeq, 8 h)) and kurtosis were calculated. Results: Workers exposed to noise in the metal processing industry were mainly 18-40 years old (527 workers, 71.51%) , men (570 workers, 77.34%) , and junior high school education background (416 workers, 56.45%) . There were 572 workers (77.61%) with noise exposure intensity (L(Aeq, 8 h)) greater than 85 dB (A) , 558 workers (75.71%) exposed to non-steady state noise (kurtosis ≥4) , and 634 workers (86.02%) with exposure duration less than 8 years. Among the 30 work types investigated, the work types with noise intensity reaching 100% were the stamping, welding and others from a children's car manufacturing factory in Ningbo, operating, chamfering, tapping, and thread rolling from an automobile parts manufacturing factory in Ningbo; The work types with a rate of 100% exposed to non-steady state noise were the grinding from a children's car manufacturing factory in Ningbo, assembling, assembly operating and others from an automobile brake manufacturing factory in Wenzhou, and polishing from an automobile parts manufacturing factory in Ningbo. Conclusion: Metal processing workers have a high rate of over-standard exposed to high noise intensity and a high proportion exposed to non-steady state noise. It is necessary to take sound insulation and noise reduction engineering control, and strengthen personal protection and occupational health management measures to prevent and control the noise hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lei
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - S Y Liu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - D J Jiang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - J R Xin
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - T Y Zhao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Y Q Chen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - M B Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Challis JK, Cuscito LD, Joudan S, Luong KH, Knapp CW, Hanson ML, Wong CS. Inputs, source apportionment, and transboundary transport of pesticides and other polar organic contaminants along the lower Red River, Manitoba, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2018; 635:803-816. [PMID: 29710604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Red River originates in the U.S., drains into Lake Winnipeg, and is a significant pathway for nutrients. We investigate its role as a source for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and microbes bearing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We delineate agricultural, urban, and rural land-use for organic contaminants to determine the extent of chemical transboundary riverine fluxes, and characterize levels and trends of organic contaminants and ARGs between spring and fall 2014 and 2015. The herbicide atrazine peaked at over 500 ng/L (14-day time-weighted average) near the border, indicating that the U.S. represents the major source into Canada from the Red River. Neonicotinoid insecticides had relatively constant concentrations, suggesting more widespread agricultural use in both countries. Pesticide concentrations were greatest post-application in June and July. Mass loadings of pesticides over the sampling periods, from the river to Lake Winnipeg, ranged from approximately 800 kg of atrazine, to 120 kg of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, to 40 kg of imidacloprid. Exposure distributions for atrazine exceeded benchmark water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic life (0.2% probability of exceeding chronic benchmark) with no exceedances for neonicotinoids. Seven pharmaceuticals were detected, mostly at low ng/L levels downstream of the City of Winnipeg wastewater treatment plant. Carbamazepine, the only pharmaceutical detected consistently at all sites, contributed on average 20 kg each year into Lake Winnipeg. While minor inputs were observed all along the river, city inputs represented the greatest source of pharmaceuticals to the river. Both PFASs and ARGs were observed consistently and ubiquitously, indicative of an anthropogenically-influenced system with no indications of any single point-source signature. While transboundary flux from the U.S. was an important source of pesticides to the Red River, especially for atrazine, observed concentrations of all measured contaminants suggest that known aquatic toxicological risk is minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Leah D Cuscito
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Shira Joudan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kim H Luong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XN, UK
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodríguez-Gil JL, Cáceres N, Dafouz R, Valcárcel Y. Caffeine and paraxanthine in aquatic systems: Global exposure distributions and probabilistic risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 612:1058-1071. [PMID: 28892846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents one of the most complete applications of probabilistic methodologies to the risk assessment of emerging contaminants. Perhaps the most data-rich of these compounds, caffeine, as well as its main metabolite (paraxanthine), were selected for this study. Information for a total of 29,132 individual caffeine and 7442 paraxanthine samples was compiled, including samples where the compounds were not detected. The inclusion of non-detect samples (as censored data) in the estimation of environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) allowed for a realistic characterization of the global presence of these compounds in aquatic systems. EEDs were compared to species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), when possible, in order to calculate joint probability curves (JPCs) to describe the risk to aquatic organisms. This way, it was determined that unacceptable environmental risk (defined as 5% of the species being potentially exposed to concentrations able to cause effects in>5% of the cases) could be expected from chronic exposure to caffeine from effluent (28.4% of the cases), surface water (6.7% of the cases) and estuary water (5.4% of the cases). Probability of exceedance of acute predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for paraxanthine were higher than 5% for all assessed matrices except for drinking water and ground water, however no experimental effects data was available for paraxanthine, resulting in a precautionary deterministic hazard assessment for this compound. Given the chemical similarities between both compounds, real effect thresholds, and thus risk, for paraxanthine, would be expected to be close to those observed for caffeine. Negligible Human health risk from exposure to caffeine via drinking or groundwater is expected from the compiled data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodríguez-Gil
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - N Cáceres
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Seguridad y Bienestar Animal, S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Dafouz
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursery and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|