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Hill CN, Coombs MC, Cisewski SE, Durham EL, Bonthius DJ, Gardner GM, Lopez EC, Wilson MB, Cray JJ, Yao H. Structure-function relationships of TMJ lateral capsule-ligament complex. J Biomech 2022; 130:110889. [PMID: 34871896 PMCID: PMC8724391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lateral capsule ligament (LCL) complex is debated as a fibrous capsule with distinct ligaments or ligamentous thickening, necessitating further evaluation of the complex and its role in TMJ anatomy and mechanics. This study explores the ultrastructural arrangement, biomechanical tensile properties, and biochemical composition of the human LCL complex including region-specific differences to explore the presence of a distinct temporomandibular ligament and sex-specific differences to inform evaluations of potential etiological mechanisms. LCL complex ultrastructural arrangement, biomechanical properties, and biochemical composition were determined using cadaveric samples. Statistical modeling assessed sex- and region-specific effects on LCL complex tissue properties. Collagen fiber coherency, collagen fiber bundle size, and elastin fiber count did not differ between sexes, but females trended higher in elastin fiber count. LCL complex water and sGAG content did not differ between sexes or regions, but collagen content was higher in the anterior region (311.0 ± 185.6 μg/mg) compared to the posterior region (221.0 ± 124.9 μg/mg) (p = 0.045) across sexes and in males (339.6 ± 170.6 μg/mg) compared to females (204.5 ± 130.7 μg/mg) (p = 0.006) across regions. Anterior failure stress (1.1 ± 0.7 MPa) was larger than posterior failure stress (0.6 ± 0.4 MPa) (p = 0.024). Regional differences confirm the presence of a mechanically and compositionally distinct temporomandibular ligament. Baseline sex-specific differences are critical for etiological investigations of sex disparities in TMJ disorders. These results have important biomechanical and clinical ramifications, providing critical baseline tissue material properties, informing the development of TMJ musculoskeletal models, and identifying new areas for etiologic investigations for temporomandibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherice N. Hill
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Matthew C. Coombs
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sarah E. Cisewski
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Emily L. Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | - Ethan C. Lopez
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | | | - James J. Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Zarnowski R, Sanchez H, Andreu C, Andes D, Del Olmo ML. Formation and characterization of biofilms formed by salt-tolerant yeast strains in seawater-based growth medium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2411-26. [PMID: 33630153 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeast whole cells have been widely used in modern biotechnology as biocatalysts to generate numerous compounds of industrial, chemical, and pharmaceutical importance. Since many of the biocatalysis-utilizing manufactures have become more concerned about environmental issues, seawater is now considered a sustainable alternative to freshwater for biocatalytic processes. This approach plausibly commenced new research initiatives into exploration of salt-tolerant yeast strains. Recently, there has also been a growing interest in possible applications of microbial biofilms in the field of biocatalysis. In these complex communities, cells demonstrate higher resistance to adverse environmental conditions due to their embedment in an extracellular matrix, in which physical, chemical, and physiological gradients exist. Considering these two topics, seawater and biofilms, in this work, we characterized biofilm formation in seawater-based growth media by several salt-tolerant yeast strains with previously demonstrated biocatalytic capacities. The tested strains formed both air-liquid-like biofilms and biofilms on silicone surfaces, with Debaryomyces fabryi, Schwanniomyces etchellsii, Schwanniomyces polymorphus, and Kluyveromyces marxianus showing the highest biofilm formation. The extracted biofilm extracellular matrices mostly consisted of carbohydrates and proteins. The latter group was primarily represented by enzymes involved in metabolic processes, particularly the biosynthetic ones, and in the response to stimuli. Specific features were also found in the carbohydrate composition of the extracellular matrix, which were dependent both on the yeast isolate and the nature of formed biofilms. Overall, our findings presented herein provide a unique data resource for further development and optimization of biocatalytic processes and applications employing seawater and halotolerant yeast biofilms.Key points• Ability for biofilm formation of some yeast-halotolerant strains in seawater medium• ECM composition dependent on strain and biofilm-forming surface• Metabolic enzymes in the ECM with potential applications for biocatalysis.
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Shabani Z, Ghadiri T, Karimipour M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J, Mehrad H, Farhoudi M. Modulatory properties of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans on neural stem cells behavior: Highlights on regenerative potential and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:366-81. [PMID: 33422514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the poor regenerative capacity of the adult central nervous system (CNS) in mammals, two distinct regions, subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), continue to generate new functional neurons throughout life which integrate into the pre-existing neuronal circuitry. This process is not fixed but highly modulated, revealing many intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms by which this performance can be optimized for a given environment. The capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, migration, and multi-lineage potency of neural stem cells (NSCs) underlines the necessity of controlling stem cell fate. In this context, the native and local microenvironment plays a critical role, and the application of this highly organized architecture in the CNS has been considered as a fundamental concept in the generation of new effective therapeutic strategies in tissue engineering approaches. The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of biomacromolecules, including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that provide various biological actions through biophysical and biochemical signaling pathways. Herein, we review predominantly the structure and function of the mentioned ECM composition and their regulatory impact on multiple and diversity of biological functions, including neural regeneration, survival, migration, differentiation, and final destiny of NSCs.
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