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Gindaba A, Negeri M, Abdisa B, Nemo R, Kitila C. Phytochemical screening and insecticidal activities of some medicinal plants against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Sci Rep 2024; 14:8678. [PMID: 38622206 PMCID: PMC11018737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study emphasizes the phytochemical study of some locally available botanicals against maize weevils. Nine plant parts were collected from six plant species. The test plant powder (200 g) was suspended sequentially in 600 ml of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and distilled water for 72 h with frequent agitation. Different concentrations of the crude extracts were applied to maize seeds at rates of 10 ml, 15 ml and 20 ml per 100 g. All treatments with different extracts at different rates of application showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cumulative mean percentage mortality of the maize weevil. The seed extract of Maesa lanceolata and Croton macrostachyus and the leaf extract of Clausena anisata showed cumulative percent mortality ranged 95.32-98.02% in 28 days after treatment application. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among all treatments for the prevention of F1 progeny emergence. In all extracts, Clausena anisata showed 100% inhibition of F1 progeny emergence. All treatments significantly reduced seed weight loss and damage. The treated maize seeds were germinated with an acceptable germination quality. In conclusion, an increased dosage of the extract resulted in significant mortality in maize weevils. The seed extracts of Maesa lanceolata and Croton macrostachyus and Clausena anisata leaf extract were observed to be the most promising botanical in protecting stored maize against maize weevil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Gindaba
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, P.O. Box. 260, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulugeta Negeri
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O. Box. 19, Ambo, Ethiopia.
| | - Bulti Abdisa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Reda Nemo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, P.O. Box. 260, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Kitila
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Dambi Dollo University, P.O. Box. 260, Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
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Effiong ME, Umeokwochi CP, Afolabi IS, Chinedu SN. Comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of five extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3794. [PMID: 38361132 PMCID: PMC10869810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species reacts with numerous molecules in the body system causing oxidative damage, which requires antioxidants to ameliorate. Pleurotus ostreatus, a highly nutritious edible mushroom, has been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of five extracts of P. ostreatus: aqueous (AE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE). The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined using standard in-vitro antioxidant assay methods. Results showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, anthrocyanins, and betacyanins in varied amounts. CE had the highest flavonoid content (104.83 ± 29.46 mg/100 g); AE gave the highest phenol content of 24.14 ± 0.02 mg/100 g; tannin was highest in EE (25.12 ± 0.06 mg/100 g); HE had highest amounts of alkaloids (187.60 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) and saponins (0.16 ± 0.00 mg/100 g). Antioxidant analyses revealed that CE had the best hydroxyl radical activity of 250% at 100 µg/ml and ferric cyanide reducing power of 8495 µg/ml; ME gave the maximum DPPH activity (87.67%) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (65.58%) at 500 µg/ml; EE had the highest nitric oxide radical inhibition of 65.81% at 500 µg/ml and ascorbate peroxidase activity of 1.60 (iU/l). AE had the best total antioxidant capacity (5.27 µg/ml GAE at 500 µg/ml) and ferrous iron chelating activity (99.23% at 100 µg/ml) while HE gave the highest guaiacol peroxidase activity of 0.20(iU/l). The comparative phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics (IC50) of the extracts followed the order: CE > AE > EE > ME > HE. Overall, chloroform was the best extraction solvent for P. ostreatus. The high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids in P. ostreatus makes it a rich source of antioxidants and potential candidate for the development of new therapies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Eno Effiong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Chidinma Precious Umeokwochi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Israel Sunmola Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC) Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Shalom Nwodo Chinedu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC) Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Bell MA, McKim U, Sproule A, Tobalt R, Gregorich E, Overy DP. Extraction methods for untargeted metabolomics influence enzymatic activity in diverse soils. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154433. [PMID: 35276180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems and underpins the health and productivity of soil. Accurate characterization of its chemical composition will improve our understanding of biotic and abiotic processes regulating its stabilization. Our purpose in this study was to estimate the loss of SOM by microbial and exoenzymatic activity that might occur when soil is extracted for analysis of representative low molecular weight mass features using untargeted metabolomics. Two mined clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite) and three diverse soils (varying in texture, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity) were used to assess the extraction efficiency and loss of three enzymatic activity indicators (2,6-dichloroindophenol sodium salt hydrate [DCIP], 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate [MUBph] and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine [LDOPA]) during extraction with two different solvents (water and methanol). Losses of the indicators were attributed to extraction method (ultrasonication, shaking, or shaking following chloroform fumigation), physical properties associated with the soil/clay type, and microbial activity. Soil/clay type strongly influenced indicator recovery and hence, SOM recovery. Choice of extraction method strongly influenced the composition and recovery of representative SOM mass features, while the choice of solvent determined whether the soil type or extraction method had a greater influence of compositional differences in the SOM mass features extracted. Extraction following chloroform fumigation had the greatest loss of the indicators, due to enzymatic activity and/or adsorption onto the soil matrix. Minimal variation in composition and loss of SOM mass features occurred during extraction by shaking for the soils tested; we therefore recommend it as the method of choice for untargeted SOM extraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Bell
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; Laboratory for the Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxicants, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ulrica McKim
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ryan Tobalt
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Edward Gregorich
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - David P Overy
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Mouafo HT, Tchuenchieu ADK, Nguedjo MW, Edoun FLE, Tchuente BRT, Medoua GN. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Millettia laurentii De Wild and Lophira alata Banks ex C. F. Gaertn on selected foodborne pathogens associated to gastroenteritis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06830. [PMID: 33981891 PMCID: PMC8082555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial potential of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of two Cameroonian plants against selected foodborne pathogens. Bioactive compounds were extracted from Millettia laurentii De Wild seeds and Lophira alata Banks ex. C. F. Gaertn leaves using distilled water, ethanol and methanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli O157, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Moraxella morganii, Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes using the microdilution method. The results showed that distilled water extracted a more important mass of phytochemical compounds (18.0–24.60%) compared to ethanol (4.80–5.0%) and methanol (4.20–4.60%). All the extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 5 to 20 μg/mL for M. laurentii seeds extracts and from 1.0 to 20 μg/mL for L. alata leaves extracts. The different plant extracts were ten times less active than gentamicin. The most active extracts were obtained using ethanol as solvent and K. pneumoniae was the most resistant pathogen to all extracts (MBC>20 μg/mL). M. laurentii extracts were bactericidal against L. monocytogenes and P. mirabilis while the reference antibiotic (gentamicin) was bacteriostatic against these pathogens. The results obtained from this study suggest the studied local plant materials as a source of antimicrobial compounds which can be valorized in the medical field as substitute of antibiotics for which many microorganisms have nowadays developed resistance mechanisms. Further studies need to be performed in order to characterize and identify these antimicrobial active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hippolyte Tene Mouafo
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Alex Dimitri Kamgain Tchuenchieu
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, POBOX 812, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Ferdinand Lanvin Ebouel Edoun
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, POBOX 812, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, POBOX 812, Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Gabriel Nama Medoua
- Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, POBOX 13033, Yaoundé Cameroon
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