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Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow are in a state of quiescence, they harbor the self-renewal capacity and the pluripotency to differentiate into mature blood cells when needed, which is key to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis. Importantly, HSCs are characterized by their long lifespan ( e. g., up to 60 months for mice), display characteristics of aging, and are vulnerable to various endogenous and exogenous genotoxic stresses. Generally, DNA damage in HSCs is endogenous, which is typically induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), aldehydes, and replication stress. Mammalian cells have evolved a complex and efficient DNA repair system to cope with various DNA lesions to maintain genomic stability. The repair machinery for DNA damage in HSCs has its own characteristics. For instance, the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway is particularly important for the hematopoietic system, as it can limit the damage caused by DNA inter-strand crosslinks, oxidative stress, and replication stress to HSCs to prevent FA occurrence. In addition, HSCs prefer to utilize the classical non-homologous end-joining pathway, which is essential for the V(D)J rearrangement in developing lymphocytes and is involved in double-strand break repair to maintain genomic stability in the long-term quiescent state. In contrast, the base excision repair pathway is less involved in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize the impact of various types of DNA damage on HSC function and review our knowledge of the corresponding repair mechanisms and related human genetic diseases.
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Zhao CL, Qiao X, Liu XM, Song XQ, Zou YH, Li DQ, Yu XW, Bao WG, Xu JY. Rapid DNA interstrand cross-linking of Pt(IV) compound. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174985. [PMID: 35489419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pt(IV) anticancer compounds have been developed for several decades to overcome the drawbacks of their Pt(II) congeners, and the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) has been commonly regarded as a necessary step in the activation of Pt(IV) compounds prior to targeting DNA. However, blockage of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis resulted in a slight effect on the cytotoxicity of oxoplatin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, urging us to reconsider the mechanism of actions for the "inert" Pt(IV) complexes. Using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), our data demonstrated that Pt(IV) complex oxoplatin could bind to DNA in a tetravalent state. Both alkaline denaturing agarose electrophoresis and thermal denaturation-renaturation assay revealed that oxoplatin could rapidly produce stable interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), which can further translate into a fast cell-killing process in cancer cells. Using quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analysis, we also proved that Pt(IV) complex oxoplatin could induce a quick intracellular response of the FA/BRCA pathway in cancer cells that involves the DNA interstrand crosslinking repair system, and this quick response to ICLs was independent with the intracellular GSH levels. Cell cycle analysis showed that short incubation with oxoplatin can induce a strong S phase arrest in HeLa cells, indicating that the rapid interstrand crosslinks produced by oxoplatin might stall the replication fork, result in the double-strand breaks, and eventually induce cell death. Our results implied that, besides the reduction mechanism to release the Pt(II) congeners, direct and rapid interstrand cross-linking with DNA by Pt(IV) compounds might be a unique mechanism for Pt(IV) compounds, which may provide new insight for the development of next-generation platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lai Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue-Qing Song
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yun-Hong Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan-Qing Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xia-Wen Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei-Guo Bao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Wang L, Wang H, Wang T, Liu J, Chen W, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhu H, Dai P. Analysis of polymorphisms in genes associated with the FA/BRCA pathway in three patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasms. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47:1101-1112. [PMID: 30942098 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1575846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cases of more than three primary cancers are very rare. This study analyzed the genetic susceptibility of gene polymorphisms in three patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasms and examined the possible pathogenesis. The clinical data and whole genome sequence of three patients (1 with 5 primary cancers, 1 with 4 primary cancers, and 1 with 3 primary cancers) were aligned with a series of databases. We found the three patients contained a total of seven types of malignant tumours (endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, ureter cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer). It was found that the varied genes in Patient 1 (5 primary cancers) were BRIP1, FANCG, NBN, AXIN2, SRD5A2, and CEBPA. Patient 2 (4 primary cancers) had variations in the following genes: BMPR1A, FANCD2, MLH3, BRCA2, and FANCM. Patient 3 (3 primary cancers) had variations in the following genes: MEN1, ATM, MSH3, BRCA1, FANCL, CEBPA, and FANCA. String software was used to analyze the KEGG pathway of the variations in these three samples, which revealed that the genes are involved in the Fanconi anaemia pathway. Defects in DNA damage repair may be one of the causes of multiple primary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- d College of Medical Technology , Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang , PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- e Medical Affairs Department , Zhongyuan Union Clinical Laborotory Co. Ltd , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Yamin Wang
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Hongli Zhu
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Penggao Dai
- a The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an , PR China
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Rodríguez A, Naveja JJ, Torres L, García de Teresa B, Juárez-Figueroa U, Ayala-Zambrano C, Azpeitia E, Mendoza L, Frías S. WIP1 Contributes to the Adaptation of Fanconi Anemia Cells to DNA Damage as Determined by the Regulatory Network of the Fanconi Anemia and Checkpoint Recovery Pathways. Front Genet 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31130988 PMCID: PMC6509935 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage adaptation (DDA) allows the division of cells with unrepaired DNA damage. DNA repair deficient cells might take advantage of DDA to survive. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), and deficiencies in this pathway cause a fraction of breast and ovarian cancers as well as FA, a chromosome instability syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. FA cells are hypersensitive to ICLs; however, DDA might promote their survival. We present the FA-CHKREC Boolean Network Model, which explores how FA cells might use DDA. The model integrates the FA pathway with the G2 checkpoint and the checkpoint recovery (CHKREC) processes. The G2 checkpoint mediates cell-cycle arrest (CCA) and the CHKREC activates cell-cycle progression (CCP) after resolution of DNA damage. Analysis of the FA-CHKREC network indicates that CHKREC drives DDA in FA cells, ignoring the presence of unrepaired DNA damage and allowing their division. Experimental inhibition of WIP1, a CHKREC component, in FA lymphoblast and cancer cell lines prevented division of FA cells, in agreement with the prediction of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Jesús Naveja
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benilde García de Teresa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ulises Juárez-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Frías
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Investigación en Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yao C, Du W, Chen H, Xiao S, Huang L, Chen F. The Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway is involved in DNA interstrand cross-link repair of adriamycin-resistant leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:755-62. [PMID: 24996439 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.935363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia/BRCA (FA/BRCA) pathway plays a vital role in DNA damage repair induced by DNA cross-linking agents and is closely related to drug response in cancer treatment. Here we demonstrate that the FA/BRCA pathway contributes to acquired drug resistance in adriamycin (ADR)-resistant leukemia cell lines, and disruption of this pathway partially reverses the drug resistance. We observed that ADR-resistant cells have reduced DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) compared with ADR-sensitive cells. Western blot studies demonstrated enhanced FA protein expression in ADR-resistant cells. Using siRNA to knock down FANCF in K562/R drug-resistant cells showed increases in sensitivity to ADR and ADR-induced DNA damage, and demonstrated a direct relationship between the FA/BRCA pathway and drug sensitivity. Overexpression of FANCF in K562 drug-sensitive cells partially reproduced the drug-resistant phenotype. These results show that the FA/BRCA pathway is involved in acquired ADR resistance of leukemia cells. The FA/BRCA pathway may be a new target to reverse ADR resistance in leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
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