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Onishi K, Miyake M, Tatsumi Y, Hori S, Nakai Y, Onishi S, Iemura Y, Owari T, Itami Y, Iida K, Anai S, Tanaka N, Shimada K, Fujimoto K. Inhibitory Effect of Orally Administered 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Prostate Carcinogenesis in the FVB-Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of a Mouse Prostate ( FVB-TRAMP) Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3743-3749. [PMID: 33369476 PMCID: PMC8046295 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a constituent of mitochondrial electron carriers, heme and cytochrome c, which are crucial for aerobic energy metabolism and cell apoptosis. We investigated the chemopreventive efficacy of 5-ALA against prostate cancer using the FVB-transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (FVB-TRAMP) model. Methods: Samples were collected from 24 FVB-TRAMP mice at 12 and 20 weeks of age (named the first and second sets, respectively). Sixteen mice (from the first set) were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: 1) control (no treatment), 2) low dose of 5-ALA (30 mg/kg/day), and 3) high dose of 5-ALA (300 mg/kg/day). Similarly, 8 mice were divided into 2 treatment groups: 1) control and 2) high dose of 5-ALA (300 mg/kg/day). 5-ALA was orally administered to mice before cancer onset, from 6 weeks of age. Results: In the control group, prostate cancer was pathologically detected in 33 and 50 % of mice at 12 and 20 weeks, respectively, while 25% of 12-week old mice in the low-dose group were affected and none of the high-dose group mice developed prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4) in the prostate gland of the high-dose group compared to the control (P = 0.018). Similarly, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using lysed prostate tissue revealed higher amounts of cytochrome c in the prostate of the high-dose group compared to the control (P = 0.021). Furthermore, western blot analysis showed higher level of cleaved caspase-3 in mice in the high-dose group diagnosed with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion: Our results suggest that oral 5-ALA may support the functional expression of mitochondrial cytochrome c and COX4, leading to caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in carcinogenesis in FVB-TRAMP mice. Future clinical studies are warranted to confirm the chemopreventive value of 5-ALA in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tatsumi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Sayuri Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iemura
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Itami
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kota Iida
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Prostate Brachytherapy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashi kidera-cho, Nara city, Nara 630-8305, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara city, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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