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Mohan K, Sivarajan S, Lau MN, Othman SA, Fayed MMS. Soft tissue changes with skeletal anchorage in comparison to conventional anchorage protocols in the treatment of bimaxillary proclination patients treated with premolar extraction : A systematic review. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:146-162. [PMID: 35829730 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review systematically evaluates the evidence related to comparisons between skeletal and conventional anchorage protocols in the treatment of bimaxillary proclination patients who underwent premolars extraction with respect to soft tissue profile changes, treatment duration and three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue changes. METHODS Electronic database search and hand search with no language limitations were conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov. The selection criteria were set to include studies with patients aged 13 years and above requiring extractions of upper and lower first premolars to treat bimaxillary proclination with high anchorage demand. Risk of bias assessment was undertaken with Cochrane's Risk Of Bias tool 2.0 (ROB 2.0) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS‑I tool for nonrandomised prospective studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for quality assessment. Results were summarised qualitatively; no meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Two RCTs and two nonrandomised prospective studies were included. According to the GRADE approach, there is low to very low quality of evidence that treatment using mini-implant anchorage may significantly change nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip procumbence, and facial convexity angle compared to treatment with conventional anchorage. Similarly, very low quality evidence exists showing no differences in treatment duration between treatments with skeletal or conventional anchorage. CONCLUSIONS The overall existing evidence regarding the effect of anchorage protocols on soft tissue changes in patients with bimaxillary protrusion and premolar extraction treatment plans is of low quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020216684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumeran Mohan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Orthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Saritha Sivarajan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - May Nak Lau
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Adibah Othman
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mona M Salah Fayed
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rosita M, Budiardjo SB, Rizal MF. Photometric analysis of the relationship between craniovertebral angle and facial profile in children aged 10-12 years. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:277-280. [PMID: 38420002 PMCID: PMC10897618 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Head posture deviation is seen in 52.5 % of children aged 6-15 years. Studies have shown that poor posture habits can impair muscle function during craniofacial growth and development. A muscle imbalance causes abnormal positioning of dental and skeletal structures, a condition that exerts negative impacts, such as changes in facial morphology. Objective To determine through photometric analysis the relationship between craniovertebral angle as a function of head posture and glabella-subnasale-pogonion (G-Sn-Pg) angle as a function of facial profile in 10-12-year-old children, and the results will help to avoid facial development issues. Methods Thirty-three subjects met the inclusion criteria. Their craniovertebral angles and facial profiles were measured using lateral photometry and ImageJ. The craniovertebral angle was determined by connecting the tragus and C7 with a horizontal line, whereas the facial profile angle was determined by connecting the glabella, subnasale, and pogonion. The relationship between the craniovertebral and G-Sn-Pg angle values was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Results A significant relationship was observed between the craniovertebral angle and the G-Sn- Pg angle (p < 0.05), although such a relationship was weak (r = 0.373). Conclusion A more forward head posture is associated with a more convex facial profile, and this relationship is useful for the early prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rosita
- Pediatric Dentistry Residency Program, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Liao M, Wang L, Shang N, Hu X, He B, Liu X, Xiang G, Zhong W. Ultrasound measurements of fetal facial profile markers and their associations with congenital malformations during early pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:772. [PMID: 37925422 PMCID: PMC10625258 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal facial profile could be measured during the early pregnancy. Its abnormalities might be associated with certain congenital malformations. We aimed to study the associations between fetal facial profile measurements with crown-rump length and congenital malformations (cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, and open spina bifida) during early pregnancy. METHODS We performed a prospective cross-sectional study between June 2019 and April 2022. Pregnant women at a gestational age between 11-13+ 6 weeks were enrolled. Two sonographers performed fetal facial profile measurements independently. The associations between these measurements with crown-rump length and congenital malformations were evaluated. RESULTS There were 406 and 25 fetuses without or with congenital malformations, respectively. Two sonographers showed satisfactory inter- and intra-observer agreements and reproducibility. The maxillary gap was only observed in 7.6% of normal fetuses, whereas all cleft lip and palate fetuses had a maxillary gap ≥ 0.8 mm. The crown-rump length was negatively correlated with frontomaxillary facial angle, inferior facial angle, and profile line distance but positively correlated with maxilla-nasion-mandible angle, facial maxillary angle, frontal space distance, and palatine maxillary diameter. These measurements showed various significant changes with different congenital malformations. CONCLUSIONS Measurements of fetal facial profile in early pregnancy were feasible with satisfactory reproducibility. These measurements correlated with crown-rump length and showed significant differences with certain fetal congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Liao
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
| | - Ning Shang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China.
| | - Xueyi Hu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
| | - Bingjia He
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiangjiao Liu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
| | - Guanghua Xiang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing-nan Avenue Pan-Yu, Guangzhou, 510499, China
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Alshammari AK, Algharbi MA, Alshammari SK, Alenzi AA, Malik YR, Abideen MZ, Siddiqui AA, Madfa AA. Influence of lip position on esthetics perception with respect to profile divergence using silhouette images. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:791. [PMID: 37875850 PMCID: PMC10598988 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the facial divergence and lip position combinations that are most and least preferred, and to investigate whether age or gender has an impact on these preferences. METHODS The current investigation was carried out on a sample of 1077 individuals who were not experts in the field (253 men and 824 females). The research employed black silhouette photographs of profiles featuring different lip locations and profile divergences. The recruitment of participants was conducted in order to assess the attractiveness of the profiles, employing a Likert scale. The various positions of the lips and variations in facial profiles were thoroughly categorized. Results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS The findings of the research demonstrated that aesthetic perceptions displayed diversity when considering different lip locations and profile divergences. It was shown that neutral lip positions were predominantly favored, accounting for approximately 40.2% of the total frequencies in the anterior diverging group. It is noteworthy to highlight the aesthetically pleasing features exhibited by those with the most prominent lip position, occurring at a frequency of 10.9% in straight-diverging group. In the posterior divergent group, the most protruded lip position, showed very attractive aesthetics with frequency (7.1%). Gender, age, region, and level of education had significant influence on aesthetic perception. CONCLUSIONS The variety of aesthetic preferences is influenced by the location of the lips and the divergence of the facial profile, resulting in different outcomes within the categories of anterior, straight, and posterior divergence. Clinicians are advised to customize the treatment regimen in order to correspond with the unique desires and preferences of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman K Alshammari
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muteb A Algharbi
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman K Alshammari
- Emergency Care Center-RU, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alenzi
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser R Malik
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Z Abideen
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ammar A Siddiqui
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Madfa
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Ji C, Liu K, Yang X, Cao Y, Cao X, Pan Q, Yang Z, Sun L, Yin L, Deng X, Ni D. A novel artificial intelligence model for fetal facial profile marker measurement during the first trimester. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:718. [PMID: 37817098 PMCID: PMC10563312 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the validity of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for measuring fetal facial profile markers, and to evaluate the clinical value of the AI model for identifying fetal abnormalities during the first trimester. METHODS This retrospective study used two-dimensional mid-sagittal fetal profile images taken during singleton pregnancies at 11-13+ 6 weeks of gestation. We measured the facial profile markers, including inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial-maxillary angle (FMA), frontal space (FS) distance, and profile line (PL) distance using AI and manual measurements. Semantic segmentation and landmark localization were used to develop an AI model to measure the selected markers and evaluate the diagnostic value for fetal abnormalities. The consistency between AI and manual measurements was compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The diagnostic value of facial markers measured using the AI model during fetal abnormality screening was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 2372 normal fetuses and 37 with abnormalities were observed, including 18 with trisomy 21, 7 with trisomy 18, and 12 with CLP. Among them, 1872 normal fetuses were used for AI model training and validation, and the remaining 500 normal fetuses and all fetuses with abnormalities were used for clinical testing. The ICCs (95%CI) of the IFA, MNM angle, FMA, FS distance, and PL distance between the AI and manual measurement for the 500 normal fetuses were 0.812 (0.780-0.840), 0.760 (0.720-0.795), 0.766 (0.727-0.800), 0.807 (0.775-0.836), and 0.798 (0.764-0.828), respectively. IFA clinically significantly identified trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.686 (95%CI, 0.585-0.788) and 0.729 (95%CI, 0.621-0.837), respectively. FMA effectively predicted trisomy 18, with an AUC of 0.904 (95%CI, 0.842-0.966). MNM angle and FS distance exhibited good predictive value in CLP, with AUCs of 0.738 (95%CI, 0.573-0.902) and 0.677 (95%CI, 0.494-0.859), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The consistency of fetal facial profile marker measurements between the AI and manual measurement was good during the first trimester. The AI model is a convenient and effective tool for the early screen for fetal trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and CLP, which can be generalized to first-trimester scanning (FTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Ji
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Cao
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen RayShape Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoju Cao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linliang Yin
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuedong Deng
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dong Ni
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Esmaeili S, Mohammadi NM, Khosravani S, Eslamian L, Motamedian SR. Evaluation of facial profile characteristics of aesthetically pleasing Iranian faces. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:76-89. [PMID: 36906490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the soft and hard tissue cephalometric indexes of facial profiles perceived as attractive. METHODS A total of 360 individuals (180 females and 180 males) with well-balanced faces and no history of orthodontic or cosmetic procedures were selected. Twenty-six raters (13 females and 13 males) rated the attractiveness of profile view photographs of the enrolled individuals. According to the total score, the rated top 10% of photographs were selected as attractive. Overall, 81 (40 soft tissue and 41 hard tissue) cephalometric measurements were made on traced cephalograms of the attractive faces. The obtained values were compared with orthodontic norms and attractive Whites using Bonferroni-corrected t tests. They were also analyzed regarding age and sex effects using a two-way ANOVA test. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the cephalometric measurements of attractive profiles and orthodontic norms. Among the most important parameters were greater H angle and basic upper lip thickness in attractive males, and greater facial convexity and smaller nose prominence in attractive females. Also, attractive male participants had greater soft tissue chin thickness and subnasale perpendicular to the upper lip compared with attractive females. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, males with a normal profile and thicker protruded upper lips were perceived as more attractive. Also, females with a slightly convex profile, deeper mentolabial sulcus, less prominent nose, and shorter maxilla and mandible were perceived as more attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Esmaeili
- Dentist, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Malek Mohammadi
- Dentist, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Khosravani
- Dentist, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Eslamian
- Professor of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjou Boulevard, Evin, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjou Boulevard, Evin, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran; Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hanan SA, de Farias AL, Santos-Pinto L. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in adolescents and adults and its association with facial profile and occlusion. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1243-1253. [PMID: 36322153 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, there are no data available in the scientific literature about the diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in adults. We aimed to assess the MIH prevalence and clinical characteristics in adolescents and adults and its association with facial profile and occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, permanent teeth were evaluated in 275 patients between the ages of 12 and 49 at a dental clinic, using intraoral photographs. A calibrated examiner classified enamel hypomineralization using the MIH index. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square, Fisher's tests, and ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS MIH was observed in 12.73% of all patients. The most commonly affected teeth were permanent molars, while incisors, premolars, and canines were less affected. MIH usually appears as demarcated opacities, with less than one-third of the tooth affected. There was no association between severe defects and facial profile and occlusion, but rather with the higher age of the participants. CONCLUSION Enamel hypomineralization mainly affects the first and second permanent molars, but it could also be observed in the third molars, although it is not associated with the orthodontic characteristics investigated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to highlight the prevalence of MIH in adults. This result showed the importance of other specialists beyond Pediatric Dentistry in the diagnosis of this defect. In addition, hypomineralization of other permanent teeth (canines, premolars, and second molars) has been described previously in other studies, but this is the first to identify MIH in third molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Assayag Hanan
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Dentistry, Amazonas Federal University, Ayrão Avenue, Manaus, Amazonas, 1539, Brazil.
| | - Aline Leite de Farias
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Santos-Pinto
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Li B, Xiang X, Huang G, Wang P, Xue C, Han X, Bai D, Xu H. A coupled-lines system to determine the anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors for smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2023:490885. [PMID: 36806479 DOI: 10.2319/073022-529.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a coupled-lines system to determine the anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors (U1) for smiling profile esthetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Asian females with ordinary and good facial harmony were selected as the study sample and the control sample, respectively. Three-dimensional facial images and 45°- and 90°-angled profiles were collected. The anteroposterior relationships between U1 and upper- and mid-facial soft tissue landmarks were measured. By morphing photos of the study sample, two artificial images were created to represent the well-balanced 45°- and 90°-angled profiles and were further processed with combined variations of soft tissue subnasale (SSn)-Glabella and the mid-point of facial axial points of the bilateral central incisor (mFA)-SSn distances. Esthetic assessments were performed on these images by layperson (n = 94) and orthodontist (n = 94) raters. RESULTS Both upper- and mid-facial soft tissue landmarks were indispensable in assessing anteroposterior positions of U1 for well-balanced smiling profiles. As assessed in 45°- and 90°-angled profiles, the most esthetically sensitive parameters were mFA-Glabella and mFA-SSn distances. A coupled-lines system was constructed, comprising the Glabella and SSn vertical lines. In smiling profiles with optimal esthetics, the mFA point was at 2 to 5 mm posterior to the Glabella vertical and concomitantly 4 to 7 mm posterior to the SSn vertical, as perceived by orthodontists. Laypersons gave a wider range for mFA-Glabella distances, at 2 to 6 mm. CONCLUSIONS The coupled-lines system could serve as a reliable reference for determining esthetically optimal anteroposterior positions of U1 for female facial profiles.
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Zhou X, Ji C, Sun L, Yin L, Deng X, Pan Q, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zheng C, Ling C, Shi L, Wu Y. Clinical value of fetal facial profile markers during the first trimester. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:738. [PMID: 36184592 PMCID: PMC9526988 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study the correlations between facial profile markers and crown-lump length (CRL) in a Chinese population, and to evaluate the clinical value of these markers for abnormal fetuses during the first trimester (11 to 13+6 gestational weeks). Methods The facial profile markers were as followings: inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial maxillary angle (FMA), frontal space (FS) distance and profile line (PL) distance. These markers were measured in facial mid-sagittal section through ViewPoint 6 software. The diagnostic value of these markers for abnormal fetuses was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results According to the first-trimester scanning (FTS) and follow-up, 31 fetuses were enrolled in the abnormal group, including 14 cases of trisomy 21, 7 cases of trisomy 18, 10 cases with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and 1000 normal fetuses were selected. Among the normal fetuses, the IFA, FS distance and PL distance had negative correlations with CRL. The MNM angle and FMA had positive correlations with CRL. The mean IFA values for fetuses with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 were 74.11° (standard deviation (SD) 7.48) and 69.88° (SD 7.08), respectively, which were significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p = 0.013; p = 0.003). The mean MNM angle of fetuses with trisomy 18 and CLP were 6.98° (SD 2.61) and 9.41° (SD 2.57), respectively, which were significantly greater than the normal fetuses (p = 0.005; p < 0.001). The mean FMA values of trisomy 18 fetuses were 63.95° (SD 4.77), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean FS distance of CLP fetuses was -0.22 mm (SD 1.38), which was significantly smaller than the normal fetuses (p < 0.001). The mean PL distance of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP fetuses were 2.89 mm (SD 0.41), 2.91 mm (SD 0.56) and 2.71 mm (SD 0.37), respectively. The difference with the normal fetuses had no statistical significance (p = 0.56; p = 0.607; p = 0.54). Conclusions Fetal facial profile markers had excellent correlations with CRL during the first trimester. IFA had certain clinical significance in detecting trisomy 21. FMA, IFA and MNM angle were reliable indicators for screening trisomy 18. The abnormal MNM angle and FS distance could be used as sensitive indicators for CLP. However, PL distance was not the best markers for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and CLP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05028-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Street, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunya Ji
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linliang Yin
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuedong Deng
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qi Pan
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhan Zheng
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Street, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Street, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
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Alhadad A, Aldhorae K, Al Moaleem MM, Al-Labani MA, Kofiyh KA, ALjawfi K, Abdulrab AMM, Alraawi MA, Alshakhs NM, Alqahtani MS, Altawili ZM. Epidemiology of Facial Profiles, Occlusal Features, and Orthodontic Treatment Need among Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:313-319. [PMID: 35781436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among randomly selected high school students. METHODS A multistage stratified random-sampling study was conducted on 1,036 high school students in Sana'a city. The World Dental Federation and World Health Organization method of occlusal traits and the index of orthodontic treatment need were adopted for measurements. Clinically, the molar relationship and facial profile were examined. Assessment of whether examiner or subject perceived the need for orthodontic treatment was made using the esthetic component index. All data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS Normal, convex, and concave facial-profile measurements were found in 81.9, 12.1, and 6.15% of sampled students, respectively. Asymmetrical molar relationship was observed in 16.1% of samples, and most of them were of class I/class II relationships. Increased overjet was noticed in 90.9% of students. Anterior crossbite, deepbite, anterior openbite, posterior openbite, posterior crossbite, and scissor bite accounted for 12.2, 12.8, 3.5, 1.3, 6.6, and 0.6%, respectively. According to the index orthodontic treatment need, 38.9% of students needed some form of orthodontic treatment. Among these cases, 24.3% "definitely" needed treatment, and 59.9% of students needed orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested a call for a more conservative treatment approach in dealing with malocclusion problems among high school students in all zones of Sana'a governorate, Yemen. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A limited number of surveys were performed in Sana'a Governorate to investigate orthodontic treatment needs, facial profiles, and occlusal features among adolescents. The results of this study could guide us to develop a preventive system that minimizes its adverse effects and the need for costly orthodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Alhadad
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Khalid Aldhorae
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A Al-Labani
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Kadejh A Kofiyh
- University of Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid ALjawfi
- Department of Biological and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ali Mohammed M Abdulrab
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen, e-mail:
| | - Mohammed A Alraawi
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zainab M Altawili
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
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Onaga Y, Kamio T, Takaki T, Shibahara T. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Soft and Hard Tissue Changes following Orthognathic Surgery. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2021; 62:151-161. [PMID: 34393141 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Change in soft tissue in relation to that in hard tissue following orthognathic surgery was evaluated. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis in all was jaw deformity (maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion) and all underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy. Three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models (polygon models) of the hard and soft tissue of the maxilla and mandible were constructed and superimposed. Reference points were established on the pre- and postoperative hard and soft tissues. Specific elements of each reference point were divided into X, Y, and Z components, respectively, and the distances in each direction and 3D distance (normal distance) measured. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine differences in the mean values for the distance moved of each element as the error between pre- and postoperatively. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the Y-direction in the maxilla and the X- and Z-directions in the mandible. A significant difference was also observed in the 3D distances of the maxilla and mandible. Little evidence was found of linearity between the amount of hard and soft tissue movement in the X- and Z-directions in the maxilla. This means that 3D movement in the maxilla was masked more by changes in the morphology of the soft tissue than in the mandible, making it less evident. The results of this study suggest that the 3D analysis method used enables changes in hard and soft tissues to be understood qualitatively, and that it can be used in diagnosis and treatment in orthognathic surgery. It may also be useful in simulation of morphological change in soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Onaga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Kamio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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Ji C, Jiang X, Yin L, Deng X, Yang Z, Pan Q, Zhang J, Liang Q. Ultrasonographic study of fetal facial profile markers during the first trimester. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 33894762 PMCID: PMC8070329 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To establish reference ranges of fetal facial profile markers and study their correlations with crown-rump length (CRL) during the first trimester (11 ~ 13+ 6 weeks’ gestation) in a Chinese population. Methods Ultrasonographic images of measuring fetal nuchal translucency (NT) were retrospectively selected randomly in normal fetuses whose parents were both Chinese. The facial markers included inferior facial angle (IFA), maxilla-nasion-mandible (MNM) angle, facial maxillary angle (FMA) and profile line (PL) distance. These markers were measured through ViewPoint 6 software by two experienced sonographers. Results Three hundred and eighty fetuses were selected. The ICCs (95 % CI) of intra-operator 1 reproducibility of IFA, MNM angle, FMA, PL distance were 0.944 (0.886 ~ 0.973), 0.804 (0.629 ~ 0.902), 0.834 (0.68 ~ 0.918) and 0.935 (0.868 ~ 0.969), respectively. The ICCs (95 % CI) of intra-operator 2 reproducibility of IFA, MNM angle, FMA, PL distance were 0.931 (0.857 ~ 0.967), 0.809 (0.637 ~ 0.904), 0.786 (0.600 ~ 0.892) and 0.906 (0.813 ~ 0.954), respectively. The ICCs (95 % CI) of inter-operator reproducibility of IFA, MNM angle, FMA, PL distance were 0.885 (0.663 ~ 0.953), 0.829 (0.672 ~ 0.915), 0.77 (0.511 ~ 0.891) and 0.844 (0.68 ~ 0.925), respectively. The average ± SD of IFA, MNM angle, FMA and PL distance were 80.2°±7.25°, 4.17°±1.19°, 75.36°±5.31°, 2.78 ± 0.54 mm, respectively. IFA and PL distance significantly decreased with CRL, while MNM angle and FMA significantly increased with CRL. Conclusions It was feasible to measure fetal facial markers during the first trimester. In Chinese population, the reference ranges of IFA, MNM angle, FMA and PL distance were 80.2°±7.25°, 4.17°±1.19°, 75.36°±5.31°, 2.78 ± 0.54 mm, respectively, and the measurements were found to correlate with CRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Ji
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linliang Yin
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuedong Deng
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhong Yang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Samizadeh S, Wu W. Ideals of Facial Beauty Amongst the Chinese Population: Results from a Large National Survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:1173-83. [PMID: 32844264 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgical and non-surgical aesthetic treatments are very popular throughout Asia and in particular in China. With the globalisation and immigration of Chinese people to other countries where many seek treatment from Western-trained doctors, it is important to understand the ideals of beauty amongst Chinese people so as to achieve optimal results. We conducted an online survey to understand the preference of Han Chinese laypersons for facial shape, profile (straight, convex, concave), jaw angle and shape, and shape of the chin, nose, and lips. In addition, the participants were asked about their educational level, geographic location, likelihood to have cosmetic surgery, preference for surgical or non-surgical cosmetic procedures and whether ''being beautiful'' would affect their daily life. A total of 1417 responses were collected from 599 male and 818 female participants, the majority of them who were 25-35 years old (58.93%). The responses showed that the majority of participants preferred an oval face shape, with a smoothly tapered jaw angle for both men and women, round and pointy chin for both genders, straight to concave nose profile and full lips with well-defined cupid's bow. Most responders indicated they were not willing to undergo cosmetic surgery; however, when given a choice between surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures, 82.22% of the participants preferred non-surgical procedures. The majority of respondents (83%) thought that being beautiful has an effect on daily life and improves quality of life.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Maddalone M, Losi F, Rota E, Baldoni MG. Relationship between the Position of the Incisors and the Thickness of the Soft Tissues in the Upper Jaw: Cephalometric Evaluation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 12:391-397. [PMID: 32440043 PMCID: PMC7229373 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to verify if the thickness of soft tissues and inclination of the incisors have some relation with profile, to analyze its relevance considering these two parameters separately and to screen how the combination of different inclinations and different thickness can generate different facial patterns. Materials and methods The study was performed on 47 Caucasian patients aged between 6 years and 16 years of divided into 24 males and 23 females. None of the patients presented craniofacial changes of syndromic nature. All patients presented a value of SNA in between 80° and 84°. The inclination of the upper incisor related to the bispinal plane was between 104° and 116°. Each radiograph has been digitized or analyzed directly in digital format. To analyze the relationships between soft tissues and position of the incisors using various cephalometric measures and statistical methodology were used. Results Analysing the general correlation between all the cephalometric parameters considered, the results found show that the thickness of the tissues had an effect in modifying the aesthetic profile with respect to the position of the incisors. The cephalometric parameters related to the esthetic profile of the maxilla are all linked by strong correlations, especially correlation between SU, ULA and LS were very high. The differences between the means were statistically significant for different groups. Using the values of Mx1 and thickness of the lip as independent variables, while the LS, SU, ULA and NLA values as dependent variables all results are significant with respect to the prediction p < 0.05. Conclusion Thickness of the soft tissues showed a significant influence on the profile with respect to the position of the incisors. Clinical significance Data obtained highlighted that thickness of the soft tissues must be taken into account before starting an orthodontic treatment in order to obtain best aesthetic results. How to cite this article Maddalone M, Losi F, Rota E, et al. Relationship between the Position of the Incisors and the Thickness of the Soft Tissues in the Upper Jaw: Cephalometric Evaluation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):391-397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maddalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Losi
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisa Rota
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco G Baldoni
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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González MB, Casellas JB, Fernández Mondragón MP, Nuño VC, Amezaga JA, De Carlos Villafra F. Clinical, esthetic, and quality of life outcomes after telegnathic surgery in Caucasian OSAS patients. Cranio 2020; 40:425-432. [PMID: 32448099 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1767474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out both an objective and subjective assessment of the facial esthetics, clinical outcome, and quality of life evaluation in 25 OSAS patients treated with telegnathic surgery. METHODS Patients were analyzed using AHI, Legan and Burstone and airway cephalometric analysis for the objective study together with youthful and esthetic perception and SF-36 health surveys for the subjective part. RESULTS Facial convexity, nasolabial and lower face-throat angle, upper lip protrusion, and vertical height-depth ratio improved the facial and neck esthetics, while the maxillary and mandibular prognathism increased. Eighty-eight percent considered an esthetic change on their facial profile and 52% a more youthful profile. FS-36 survey (pre- 48.86 and post-surgery 71.74) and AHI (pre- 41.32 and post-surgery 7.80) scores improved significantly. DISCUSSION Results after telegnathic surgery were both esthetically and clinically satisfactory. The FS-36 survey should be considered for monitoring treatment in OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Barbero González
- Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties Department, Area of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joan Brunsó Casellas
- Cruces University Hospital Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Valentín Cabriada Nuño
- Sleep and Ventilation Unit, Respiratory Division, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez Amezaga
- Cruces University Hospital Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Barakaldo, Spain.,Stomatology I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Felix De Carlos Villafra
- Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties Department, Area of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Samizadeh S. The Ideals of Facial Beauty Among Chinese Aesthetic Practitioners: Results from a Large National Survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:102-14. [PMID: 30288564 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract As the demand for cosmetic procedures increases, the importance of patient-centred care in this field becomes more prominent. The aesthetic practitioners’ ideals of beauty, in addition to their knowledge and perception of patients’ ideals of beauty and expectations, are important during doctor–patient communication. These are important in strengthening practices of patient-centred communication and treatment. This study was conducted to investigate ideals of facial beauty among Chinese aesthetic practitioners. A questionnaire with simple sketches of facial features was given to aesthetic practitioners in Chinese cosmetology hospitals and clinics to assess aesthetic practitioners’ ideals of beauty and their preferences for facial shapes, facial profile, nose and lip shape, jaw angle, and chin shape. A total of 596 surveys were completed. This survey revealed that Chinese aesthetic practitioners preferred a heart/inverted triangular facial shape with a reduced lower face height, a straight and small nose, as well as lips that are full medially and taper off laterally with well-defined borders and Cupid’s bow. An obtuse jaw angle for women and a square well-defined jaw angle for men, and a round and pointy chin for both women and men were the most preferred. A majority (66.7%) of the respondents said they would have plastic surgery. However, if given the choice 82.9% indicated they would opt for non-surgical procedures. Finally, a clear majority (90.5%) believed that being beautiful would improve their daily life. The results were then compared to a similar previous study in which the same ideals of beauty were investigated among Chinese laypersons. This information will help the aesthetic professionals to understand their patient’s requests and expectations better and therefore aid in offering and providing treatments that are in line. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Samizadeh S, Wu W. Ideals of Facial Beauty Amongst the Chinese Population: Results from a Large National Survey. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:1540-50. [PMID: 29987486 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Surgical and non-surgical aesthetic treatments are very popular throughout Asia and in particular in China. With the globalisation and immigration of Chinese people to other countries where many seek treatment from Western-trained doctors, it is important to understand the ideals of beauty amongst Chinese people so as to achieve optimal results. We conducted an online survey to understand the preference of Han Chinese laypersons for facial shape, profile (straight, convex, concave), jaw angle and shape, and shape of the chin, nose, and lips. In addition, the participants were asked about their educational level, geographic location, likelihood to have cosmetic surgery, preference for surgical or non-surgical cosmetic procedures and whether “being beautiful” would affect their daily life. A total of 1417 responses were collected from 599 male and 818 female participants, the majority of them who were 25–35 years old (58.93%). The responses showed that the majority of participants preferred an oval face shape, with a smoothly tapered jaw angle for both men and women, round and pointy chin for both genders, straight to concave nose profile and full lips with well-defined cupid’s bow. Most responders indicated they were not willing to undergo cosmetic surgery; however, when given a choice between surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures, 82.22% of the participants preferred non-surgical procedures. The majority of respondents (83%) thought that being beautiful has an effect on daily life and improves quality of life. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Zedníková Malá P, Krajíček V, Velemínská J. How tight is the relationship between the skeletal and soft-tissue facial profile: A geometric morphometric analysis of the facial outline. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 292:212-223. [PMID: 30343234 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Correlations between facial bony structures and soft facial features are fundamental for facial approximation methods The purpose of this study was to assess the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of the soft-tissue profile and to determine the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former. Soft-tissue and skeletal facial profile curves were extracted from 86 lateral head cephalograms of a recent Central European population (52 males and 34 females, aged between 19 and 43 years), divided into five parts, segmented automatically and evaluated using geometric morphometrics. The magnitude of the hard-soft shape association was assessed by principal component analysis and subsequent multiple linear regression (Halazonetis, 2007), by partial least square analysis (PLS) (Rohlf and Corti, 2000) and the RV coefficient (Klingenberg, 2009). The greatest amount of association between the skeletal contour and overlying soft tissues was exhibited by the region of the forehead (predictive power: 95.1%, RV=0.91, correlation for PLS1 r=0,96), followed by the region of the nasal root (predictive power: 40.2%, RV=0.42, rPLS1=0.72) and the lower lip and chin (predictive power: 37.3%, RV=0.41, rPLS1=0.65). The smallest statistically significant covariation was displayed by the upper lip and the maxilla (predictive power: 9.6%, RV=0.14, rPLS1=0.43). The shape covariation between the nasal bridge and the tip and lateral border of the nasal aperture was found to be statistically insignificant (predictive power: 5.8%, RV=0.05, rPLS1=0.26). Shape covariation was visualized and described by thin-plate spine grids. These findings correspond with the observation that the shape of the nasal profile and the upper lip contour are difficult to reconstruct or predict reliably in facial approximations. It seems that the shape of soft tissues might not follow underlying structures as closely as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Zedníková Malá
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Malostranské Náměstí 25, 11800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ganji KK, Alam MK, Alanazi AF, Aldahali M. Facial profile based evaluation of gingival zenith position in maxillary central incisors among Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi population. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:342-347. [PMID: 30202172 PMCID: PMC6128319 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently quantitative evaluation of gingival zenith position was evaluated in different facial forms suggesting clinicians may need to evaluate patients facial form and then decide to distalise the Gingival Zenith position in relation to Vertical Bisected Midline (VBM). The aim of the study was to quantitatively evaluate the gingival zenith width in convex, concave and straight facial profiles for Saudi, Indian and Bangladeshi nationals. Materials/methods 114 subjects of each Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi nationality were grouped into convex, concave and straight profile based on angle of convexity. Gingival zenith position (GZP) on #11 and #21 was evaluated on the scanned dental plaster model using CBCT. Inter and Intra group comparison was done using one-way ANOVA test. Results Mean GZP values ranged from 0.84 mm to 1.10 mm, 0.75 mm to 1.02 mm and 0.87 mm to 1.14 mm for Saudi, Indian and Bangladeshi subjects respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed in convex, concave and straight profile subjects of these nationalities. Conclusion GZP variation does exist in different facial profiles of Saudi, Indian & Bangladeshi nationalities with respect to central incisors. Clinical significance These findings help clinician to consider facial profile as important entity in designing the smile following restorative and prosthetic procedures such as crown lengthening, teeth selection, implant esthetics and laminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry (Periodontics Section), College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | | | | | - Mohanad Aldahali
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Almurtadha RH, Alhammadi MS, Fayed MMS, Abou-El-Ezz A, Halboub E. Changes in Soft Tissue Profile After Orthodontic Treatment With and Without Extraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18:193-202. [PMID: 30077373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the soft tissue changes in adult orthodontic patients who received extraction treatment in comparison to their counterparts who received nonextraction orthodontic treatment. METHODS Electronic databases (CENTRAL-Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, EBESCOhost, LILACS, and Google Scholar) were searched up to March 2015. Handsearching was performed too. The selection process included controlled trials (prospective or retrospective and randomized or nonrandomized) on adult patients receiving orthodontic extraction treatment compared within the same study to a group treated without extraction. The outcomes of interest were the changes in linear and angular cephalometric measurements specific for soft tissue profile. Studies which fulfilled the selection criteria were retrieved. They were assessed for methodological quality based on a validated checklist. Studies of moderate to high quality were included. RESULTS Of the nine full texts which fulfilled the selection criteria, 5 were eligible for the quantitative analysis; they scored a moderate quality. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase regarding the nasolabial angle, upper lip thickness, labrale superioris to E-Line, and labrale inferioris to E-line in the extraction group, suggesting the flattening of the profile following extraction treatment. CONCLUSION A significant retraction of the lips and an increase in the nasolabial angle are associated with extraction protocols, but the degree to which these changes are considered detrimental/beneficial to the profile could be affected by different factors. Since these finding are based on studies of moderate quality, future research with well-conducted methodologies are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian H Almurtadha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged S Alhammadi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona M S Fayed
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abou-El-Ezz
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Sadeghian S, Shirvani A, Azamian Z. Assessment of the Effect of Simulated Rhinoplasty and Genioplasty on the Facial Profile Attractiveness of Patients with a Convex Face. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:719-725. [PMID: 29959302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was performed to evaluate the effect of rhinoplasty and genioplasty on facial profile attractiveness assessed by orthodontists and laypersons. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, posttreatment cephalo-grams of 30 class II patients with convex profile and nasal hump who had undergone camouflage treatment were traced. These profile outlines were modified by computer software to simulate rhinoplasty and genioplasty. Then, all these outlines were converted into silhouettes. There were four groups: no modification, rhinoplasty (R), genioplasty (G), and rhinoplasty plus genioplasty (RG). Esthetic assessment of all patients was done by two panels: six orthodontists and six laypersons. Data were analyzed using Friedman's and Wilcoxon's test with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The highest mean esthetics scores belonged to RG (3.9 ± 0.6), followed by R (3.5 ± 0.5), G (2.4 ± 0.5), and the initial image of the patients (2.13 ± 0.5). There was a significant improvement following all surgeries as determined by all evaluators (p < 0.001), except for orthodontists who did not find genioplasty more esthetic than no modification (p = 0.139). The mean score of esthetics by orthodontists was more than laypersons in all groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both rhinoplasty and genioplasty improved the attractiveness of the patients' facial profiles. The greatest improvement in the facial profile attractiveness in convex faces was observed after simultaneous nasal hump elimination and chin argumentation procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although both rhinoplasty and genioplasty could improve patients' profile, the best result is achieved when combination of them is used for treatment of convex facial profile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Sadeghian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amin Shirvani
- Clear Advantage Orthodontics, Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Zeinab Azamian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman Oral and Dental Disease Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: +989134100546 e-mail:
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Mafi AA, Shahverdiani R, Mafi P. Ideal Soft Tissue Facial Profile in Iranian Males and Females: Clinical Implications. World J Plast Surg 2018; 7:179-185. [PMID: 30083500 PMCID: PMC6066709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper pre-operative facial analysis that includes a thorough evaluation of both the bony and soft tissue anatomy is paramount to success in performing aesthetic surgery of the face. Ethnic variations in soft tissue profile add an important variable to pre-operative facial analysis. The aim of our study was to determine the role of ethnic variations in soft tissue facial profiles through profile analysis of Iranian male and female patients. METHODS Photographs of 100 Iranian males and 100 Iranian females (16 to 40 years old) were carried out. A review committee selected 10 male images and 10 female images, which they believed to be most ideal. The soft tissue profiles were then analyzed. A total of 21 measurements were analyzed and statistically compared with North American Caucasian males and females. RESULTS The upper lip projection and lower lip projection were significantly more prominent in Iranian males as compared with North American Caucasian males. In addition, Iranian males had longer face as compared with North American Caucasian males along with a more drooping nasal tip. The frontonasal area is straighter and the lower face is longer in Iranian females compared with North American Caucasian in addition to more convex faces along with a shorter upper face. CONCLUSION Significant differences in ideal soft tissue profiles exist between Iranian and Caucasian males. These differences should be recognized as they may play an important role in performing facial aesthetic and reconstructive procedures, particularly rhinoplasty, genioplasty, midface/facelifts, lip augmentation, and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Mafi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shahverdiani
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Mafi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Introduction: Soft-tissue analysis has become an important component of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Photographic evaluation of an orthodontic patient is a very close representation of the appearance of the person. The previously established norms for soft-tissue analysis will vary for different ethnic groups. Thus, there is a need to develop soft-tissue facial profile norms pertaining to Indian ethnic groups. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the angular photogrammetric standards of soft-tissue facial profile for Indian males and females and also to compare sexual dimorphism present between them. Materials and Methods The lateral profile photographs of 300 random participants (150 males and 150 females) between ages 18 and 25 years were taken and analyzed using FACAD tracing software. Inclusion criteria were angles Class I molar occlusion with acceptable crowding and proclination, normal growth and development with well-aligned dental arches, and full complements of permanent teeth irrespective of third molar status. This study was conducted in Indian population, and samples were taken from various cities across India. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, and sexual dimorphism was evaluated by Student's t-test between males and females. Results The results of the present study showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) gender difference in 5 parameters out of 12 parameters in Indian population. Conclusion In the present study, soft-tissue facial measurements were established by means of photogrammetric analysis to facilitate orthodontists to carry out more quantitative evaluation and make disciplined decisions. The mean values obtained can be used for comparison with records of participants with the same characteristics by following this photogrammetric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saravana Pandian
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sindhuja Krishnan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Aravind Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen CM, Chen MYC, Cheng JH, Chen KJ, Tseng YC. Facial profile and frontal changes after bimaxillary surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism. J Formos Med Assoc 2017; 117:632-639. [PMID: 28911792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Patients are always concerned about their postoperative appearance before surgery for facial deformity correction. The present study investigated the facial profile and frontal changes following two-jaw surgery. METHODS Forty patients who underwent two-jaw surgery were divided by the amount of mandibular setback (group I: ≤8 mm and group II: >8 mm). Cephalometric radiograms (lateral and frontal) were collected and analyzed at three intervals: preoperatively (T1), immediately postoperatively (T2), and final follow-up (T3). The following points were identified: cheek points (C1-C5), pronasale (Prn, tip of the nose), anterior nasal spine (ANS), subnasal (Sn), point A, labrale superius (Ls), incision superius (Is), labrale inferius (Li), incision inferius (Ii), point B, labiomental sulcus (Si), pogonion (Pog), soft tissue pogonion (PogS), ramus point (RP), and gonion (Go). The immediate postoperative changes (T21), final postoperative changes (T32), and final stability (T31) were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS In T31, the cheek line showed significant advancements of 2.3 mm (group I) and 1.6 mm (group II). The soft:hard tissue ratios were significantly correlated: Prn:ANS (0.37:1), Prn:A (0.39:1), Sn:A (0.85:1), C3:A (0.82:1), Ls:Is (0.92:1), Li:Ii (0.91:1), Si:B (0.88:1), and PogS:Pog (group I, 0.78:1 and group II, 0.93:1). The intercondylion and intergonial widths of group II (T31) significantly increased 1.8 and 4 mm, respectively. Regarding the postoperative skeletal stability (T32), group I showed significant correlations between amounts of mandibular setback, but group II did not. CONCLUSION In the facial profile, the cheek line showed significant advancement postoperatively. The frontal mandibular transverse dimensions were significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yuan-Chien Chen
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwei-Jing Chen
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tseng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kim SY, Bayome M, Park JH, Kook YA, Kang JH, Kim KH, Moon HB. Evaluation of the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance. Korean J Orthod 2015; 45:253-60. [PMID: 26445720 PMCID: PMC4593870 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.5.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance and compare the results with those from the general population. METHODS Twenty-five linear, nine angular, and three area measurements were made and four ratios were calculated using a sample of standardized frontal and lateral photographs of 46 young adult women with a preferred facial appearance (Miss Korea group) and 44 young adult women from the general population (control group). Differences between the two groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the Miss Korea group exhibited a significantly greater facial height, total facial height (TFH; trichion-menton), facial width (tragus right-tragus left), facial depth (tragus-true vertical line), and trichion-nasion/TFH ratio and smaller subnasale-menton/TFH and facial width/TFH ratios. Furthermore, the control group had smaller intercanthal and interpupillary widths. CONCLUSIONS The Miss Korea group exhibited longer, wider, and deeper faces compared with those from the general population. Furthermore, the Miss Korea group had larger eyes, longer but less protruded noses, longer and more retruded lower lips and chins, larger lip vermilion areas, and smaller labiomental angles. These results suggest that the latest trends in facial esthetics should be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning for young women with dentofacial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Yong Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mohamed Bayome
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Autonóma del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA. ; Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ah Kook
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kang
- Department of Oromaxilla-Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Hyuk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Tauro
- The Taulin's Clinic, Centre for Craniomaxillofacial, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Banglore, India.
| | - Uday Kiran Uppada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, India
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Denize ES, McDonald F, Sherriff M, Naini FB. Facial profile parameters and their relative influence on bilabial prominence and the perceptions of facial profile attractiveness: A novel approach. Korean J Orthod 2014; 44:184-94. [PMID: 25133133 PMCID: PMC4130914 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relative importance of bilabial prominence in relation to other facial profile parameters in a normal population. Methods Profile stimulus images of 38 individuals (28 female and 10 male; ages 19-25 years) were shown to an unrelated group of first-year students (n = 42; ages 18-24 years). The images were individually viewed on a 17-inch monitor. The observers received standardized instructions before viewing. A six-question questionnaire was completed using a Likert-type scale. The responses were analyzed by ordered logistic regression to identify associations between profile characteristics and observer preferences. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select variables that explained observer preferences most accurately. Results Nasal, bilabial, and chin prominences; the nasofrontal angle; and lip curls had the greatest effect on overall profile attractiveness perceptions. The lip-chin-throat angle and upper lip curl had the greatest effect on forehead prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle (particularly the lower component), and mentolabial angle had the greatest effect on nasal prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, chin prominence, and submental length had the greatest effect on lip prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and submental length had the greatest effect on chin prominence perceptions. Conclusions More prominent lips, within normal limits, may be considered more attractive in the profile view. Profile parameters have a greater influence on their neighboring aesthetic units but indirectly influence related profile parameters, endorsing the importance of achieving an aesthetic balance between relative prominences of all aesthetic units of the facial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Stewart Denize
- Department of Orthodontics, St. George's Hospital and King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Fraser McDonald
- Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Martyn Sherriff
- Department of Biostatistics, Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Farhad B Naini
- Department of Orthodontics, Kingston and St. George's Hospitals and St. George's Medical School, London, UK
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Park JY, Kim MJ, Hwang SJ. Soft tissue profile changes after setback genioplasty in orthognathic surgery patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 41:657-64. [PMID: 23395297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the soft tissue/hard tissue ratio after setback genioplasty for a more precise surgical prediction. PATIENTS AND METHODS The surgical records of 22 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthodontic-surgical treatments were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had undergone bimaxillary orthognathic procedures with setback genioplasties. Lateral cephalometric tracings at four time points, T0, T1, T2, and T3, were superimposed to analyze the horizontal and vertical changes of the hard and soft tissues at eight reference points in the lower face. RESULTS The thickness of the soft tissue was statistically significantly increased 1 year after the operation. Analysis showed that the horizontal movements of the soft and hard tissue were significantly correlated in the horizontal direction with ratios of 0.9:1 at the lip, B-point, 0.7:1 at the Pogonion, and 1:1 at the menton. The vertical movements were not statistically correlated except for the B-point. The chin setback independently made by genioplasty was also analyzed and the horizontal ratio was 1.1:1 at the menton. CONCLUSIONS Considering the soft tissue thickening and the soft/hard tissue ratios, the soft tissue profile of the chin can be predicted more precisely after setback genioplasty. Setback genioplasty can be used to effectively and reliably correct horizontal chin protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kamak H, Celikoglu M. Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference? Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:23-31. [PMID: 23112928 PMCID: PMC3481964 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the soft tissue thickness of male and female orthodontic patients with different skeletal malocclusions. Methods Soft tissue thickness measurements were made on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 healthy orthodontic patients with different skeletal malocclusions (Class I: 60 subjects, Class II: 60 subjects, Class III: 60 subjects). Ten measurements were analyzed. For statistical evaluation, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. Least significant difference (LSD) and Dunnet T3 post hoc tests were used to determine the individual differences. Results Soft tissue thicknesses were found to be greater for men than for women. Statistically significant differences among the skeletal groups were found in both men and women at the following sites: labrale superius, stomion, and labrale inferius. The thickness at the labrale superius and stomion points in each skeletal type was the greatest in Class III for both men and women. On the other hand, at the labrale inferius point, for both men and women, soft tissue depth was the least in Class III and the greatest in Class II. Conclusions Soft tissue thickness differences among skeletal malocclusions were observed at the labrale superius, stomion, and labrale inferius sites for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kamak
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine how aware the individuals were of their own profile and to compare the orthodontist’s perception of an attractive facial profile with those of laypeople, dental students and orthodontic patients. Materials and methods The study comprised of a total of 200 subjects divided into four groups of 50 subjects each: Laypeople, first-year dental students, final-year dental students and orthodontic patients. Participants answered a questionnaire regarding facial profile and their expectations from orthodontic treatment. The facial profile photographs of participants were analyzed by two orthodontists separately who matched the individual to the depicted silhouettes. Agreement between participants and orthodontists was evaluated by using the statistic χ2 test. Results Dental students and orthodontic patients were more aware of their facial profile as compared to the laypeople. The four groups were different in their abilities to recognize their own profiles. The difference in profile perception between orthodontists and subjects was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Class I profiles were perceived to be the most attractive by all the groups and profiles with a protrusive mandible were perceived to be the least attractive. Final-year dental students and orthodontic patients were more accurate in identifying their own profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Trehan
- Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Zuber Ahamed Naqvi
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Principal, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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