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Hemenway D, Peterson EW, Howland J. Reducing fall injuries with better data. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:69. [PMID: 38129920 PMCID: PMC10734047 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fall deaths in the USA almost tripled in the twenty-first century. While various interventions have been effective in reducing fall deaths, they have failed to make a substantial impact at a population level. MAIN BODY An overarching factor that has been relatively neglected in fall injury prevention is the need for more and better data. We need better data on the causes and circumstances of older adult fall deaths. While there are excellent national surveillance systems on the circumstances of other injury deaths (e.g., motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and homicides), such a system is lacking for fall deaths. These other data systems have been instrumental in indicating and evaluating policies that will reduce injury. It is also important to provide consumers with better information concerning the many products that affect the likelihood of fall injury (e.g., flooring, hip protectors, footwear). Automotive buyers are provided with relevant up-to-date make-model safety information from crash tests and real-world performance. Such information not only helps protect buyers from purchasing dangerous products, but it provides producers with the incentive to make ever safer products over time. CONCLUSION We believe that creation of a national surveillance system on the circumstances of fall deaths, and increased testing/certifying of fall-related products, are two steps that would help create the conditions for continuous reductions in fall fatalities. Fall prevention should apply some of the same basic strategies that have proved effective in addressing other injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hemenway
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Elizabeth W Peterson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan Howland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Sawe HR, Mulwafu W, Chokotho L, Croke K, Chamanga R, Mohammed M, Bertfelt J, Ndumwa HP, Mfinanga JA, Milusheva S. Fall injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of prospective injury registry from 23 health facilities in Malawi and Tanzania. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 37038112 PMCID: PMC10088193 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-and middle-income countries account for over 80% of fall-related fatalities globally. However there is little emphasis on the issue and limited high quality data to understand the burden, and to inform preventive and management strategies. We characterise the burden of fall injuries in Malawi and Tanzania. METHODS This multi-centre prospective descriptive study utilized trauma registry data from 10 hospitals in Malawi and 13 hospitals in Tanzania. The study included twelve months of data in Tanzania (October 2019 to September 2020), and eighteen months of data from Malawi (September 2018 to March 2020). We describe patient demographics, the causes, location, and nature of injuries, timing of arrival to hospital, and final disposition. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for serious injuries. RESULTS There were 93,178 trauma patients in the registries of both countries, of which 44,609 (47.9%) had fall related complaints. Fall injuries accounted for 55.3% and 17.4% of all trauma cases in Malawi and Tanzania respectively. Overall the median age was 16 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 8-31 years), and 62.8% were male. Most fall injuries (69.9%) occurred at home, were unintentional (98.1%), and were due to a ground level fall (74.9%). Nearly half of patients (47.9%) arrived at a facility using public transport, with median arrival time of 10 h (IQR 8-13 h) from initial injury. Extremities (87.0%) were the most commonly injured region, followed by head and neck (4.4%). Overall 3275 (7.4%) patients had potentially serious injuries. Age > 60 years was associated with two times odds of having serious injuries than those < 5 years, and those sustaining injury at work (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.95 95% CI; 1.56-2.43) or recreational areas (aOR 3.47 95% CI; 2.93-4.10) had higher odds of serious injuries compared to those injured at home. CONCLUSIONS In these facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa, fall injuries accounted for a substantial fraction of all injuries. While most common in younger males, those aged 5-13 and over 60 years were more likely to have serious injuries. Most falls occurred at home, but serious injuries were more likely to occur at recreational and work areas. Future efforts should focus on preventive strategies to mitigate these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendry R Sawe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, +255 754 885 658, Tanzania.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Wakisa Mulwafu
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Linda Chokotho
- Malawi University of Science and Technology, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kevin Croke
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Chamanga
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Meyhar Mohammed
- Development Impact Evaluation Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonna Bertfelt
- Development Impact Evaluation Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Harrieth P Ndumwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Juma A Mfinanga
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sveta Milusheva
- Development Impact Evaluation Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
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Hailu S, Tesfaye S, Alemayehu G. Osteoporosis-related appendicular fractures in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a prospective observational study. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:21. [PMID: 36652030 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the frequency of osteoporotic fractures among patients presenting to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Osteoporotic fractures accounted for 10.4% of all fractures and 31.8% of those 40 years and older. In addition, hip fractures accounted for 60%. Therefore, devising strategies for preventing, treating, and rehabilitating osteoporotic fractures is critical. PURPOSE Examine the frequency of osteoporotic fractures among patients presenting to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. METHODS This is an observational study of prospectively collected data between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were categorized as having osteoporotic fracture if they were 40 years or older, sustained a low-energy injury, and had characteristic fracture patterns to the hip, proximal humerus, distal radius, tibia (in females only), clavicle, and scapula. A descriptive analysis was carried out to assess patient demographics. Risk factors were then evaluated using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 4712 orthopedic injury patients presented to the emergency department with 4422 fracture cases. Of these, 461 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for osteoporotic fractures. The overall rate of osteoporotic fractures was 10.4% of all patients with fractures and 31.8% of those 40 years or older. Overall, 63.3% were female. One in four females and 5% of males with musculoskeletal trauma had an osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporotic hip fractures made up 59.9% of osteoporotic fractures and 5.9% of all fractures, followed by distal radius (23%), tibia in females (8.2%), and proximal humerus (7.4%). Pelvis (2.6%), clavicle (0.9%), and scapula (0.2%) fractures were found to be rare. Among all patients with fractures following low-energy injuries, when patients were aged 50 years and older, there was a higher risk that the trauma resulted in an osteoporotic fracture. This figure was highest among those aged 80 years and older (odds ratio (OR), 11.88; 95% CI, 7.01-20.11). CONCLUSIONS Further studies need to be done to show the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Ethiopia and examine risk factors. Devising strategies for preventing, treating, and rehabilitating osteoporotic fractures is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hailu
- Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Samuel Tesfaye
- Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gabriel Alemayehu
- Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Moreland BL, Burns ER, Haddad YK. Differences in fall-related emergency departments visits with and without an Injury, 2018. J Safety Res 2022; 82:367-370. [PMID: 36031264 PMCID: PMC9500550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls, with or without an injury, often affect the health of older adults (65+). METHODS We used the 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to describe older adults' fall-related ED visits. We defined fall-related ED visits as those with a fall external cause of morbidity code and fall-injury related ED visits as those with an injury diagnosis code and a fall external cause of morbidity code. Percentages of fall-related and fall-injury related ED visits were analyzed by select characteristics. RESULTS Over 86% of fall-related ED visits were fall-injury related. A higher percentage of females (87%) and rural (88%) older adults' fall-related ED visits were fall-injury related compared to males (85%) and urban older adults (86%). A higher percentage of fall-related ED visits without a coded injury (33%) were hospitalized compared to those with a coded injury (29%). CONCLUSION The majority of fall-related ED visits included an injury diagnosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Researchers can consider which method of measuring ED visits related to falls is most appropriate for their study. Limiting fall-related ED visits to only those where an injury diagnosis is also present may underestimate the number of fall-related ED visits but may be appropriate for researchers specifically interested in fall injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Moreland
- Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Injury Prevention, National Center of Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth R Burns
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center of Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yara K Haddad
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center of Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Korall AMB, Steliga D, Lamb SE, Lord SR, Rabbani R, Sibley KM. Factors associated with reporting of the Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNE) core outcome set domains in randomized trials on falls in older people: a citation analysis and correlational study. Trials 2022; 23:710. [PMID: 36028912 PMCID: PMC9419335 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Core outcome sets are advocated as a means to standardize outcome reporting across randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and reduce selective outcome reporting. In 2005, the Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFaNE) published a core outcome set identifying five domains that should be measured and reported, at a minimum, in RCTs or meta-analysis on falls in older people. As reporting of all five domains of the ProFaNE core outcome set has been minimal, we set out to investigate factors associated with reporting of the ProFaNE core outcome set domains in a purposeful sample of RCTs on falls in older people. Methods We conducted a systematic citation analysis to identify all reports of RCTs focused on falls in older people that cited the ProFaNE core outcome set between October 2005 and July 2021. We abstracted author-level, study-level, and manuscript-level data and whether each domain of the ProFaNE core outcome set was reported. We used penalized LASSO regression to identify factors associated with the mean percentage of ProFaNE core outcome set domains reported. Results We identified 85 eligible reports of RCTs. Articles were published between 2007 and 2021, described 75 unique RCTs, and were authored by 76 unique corresponding authors. The percentage of ProFaNE core outcome set domains reported ranged from 0 to 100%, with a median of 40% and mean (standard deviation, SD) of 52.2% (25.1). RCTs funded by a non-industry source reported a higher mean percentage of domains than RCTs without a non-industry funding source (estimated mean difference = 17.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–33.2). RCTs examining exercise (15.4%; 95% CI 1.9–28.9) or multi-component/factorial (17.4%; 95% CI 4.7–30.1) interventions each reported a higher mean percentage of domains than RCTs examining other intervention types. Conclusions We found that RCTs funded by at least one non-industry source, examining exercise or multi-component/factorial interventions, reported the highest percentages of ProFaNE core outcome set domains. Findings may help inform strategies to increase the impact of the ProFaNE core outcome set. Ultimately, this may lead to enhanced knowledge of the effectiveness and safety of interventions to prevent and/or manage falls in older people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06642-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M B Korall
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Third Floor, Chown Building, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0V8, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dawn Steliga
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Health Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rasheda Rabbani
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Third Floor, Chown Building, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0V8, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Third Floor, Chown Building, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0V8, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Amin K, Skyving M, Bonander C, Krafft M, Nilson F. Fall- and collision-related injuries among pedestrians in road traffic environment - A Swedish national register-based study. J Safety Res 2022; 81:153-165. [PMID: 35589286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the burden of pedestrian injuries, including pedestrian fall injuries (PFI), compared to other transport-related injuries in Sweden and document their characteristics in terms of demographics, causes, type of injuries, and severity level with a focus on long-term consequences. METHODS Data were retrieved from the national Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition register. A total of 361,531 fatalities and injuries were reported by emergency hospitals during 2010-2019, of which 127,804 were pedestrians (35%). We assessed the magnitude of PFIs and conducted comparative analyses to assess differences compared to other types of road users regarding sex, age, severity level, injury circumstances, hospital care, causes of accidents, and type of injuries. RESULTS Pedestrians were the second largest group of traffic-related deaths in Sweden after car occupants and accounted for just over a quarter of all fatal accidents in the road traffic environment. Of the total number of pedestrian fatalities, three out of four have been in collision accidents and the others in fall-related accidents. In terms of injuries, pedestrians were the largest group among all road users, regardless of the type of accident. PFIs accounted for a third of all injuries in the road traffic environment and nearly half of all injuries resulting in permanent medical impairment (i.e., 2.2 times more long-term consequences among PFIs compared to injured car occupants). Females (particularly middle-aged and older) and older adults were overrepresented, and most PFIs occurred on urban and municipal roads. The causes were often related to maintenance (e.g., slippery surfaces such as ice, snow, leaves or gravel together with uneven pavements and roads are the cause three out of four of PFIs). Among collision injuries, the representation was almost equal for sex and age. CONCLUSIONS Injuries and fatalities among pedestrians are a considerable issue in the road traffic environment in Sweden. Contrary to other traffic groups, the incidence has not decreased over time, meaning that this issue must be met with specific measures and address the specific risk factors they are associated with. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Including fall accidents in the definition of traffic accidents increases the chances of getting better information about the accidents and taking preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khabat Amin
- Swedish Transport Agency, Department of Roads and Railways, Sweden; Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Sweden.
| | - Marie Skyving
- Swedish Transport Agency, Department of Roads and Railways, Sweden
| | - Carl Bonander
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Krafft
- Swedish Transport Administration, Sweden; Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Finn Nilson
- Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Sweden
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Axelsson KF, Litsne H, Lorentzon M. Fractures and fall injuries after hospitalization for seasonal influenza-a national retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:47-56. [PMID: 34436639 PMCID: PMC8390060 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective cohort study of 6604 adults, 65 years or older, admitted with seasonal influenza at Swedish hospitals, and 330,200 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population admitted for other reasons, were included. Patients with influenza had increased risk of fall injuries and fractures compared to controls. INTRODUCTION Fractures and fall injuries often lead to disability, increased morbidity, and mortality. Older adults are at higher risk of influenza-related complications such as pneumonia, cardiovascular events, and deaths, but the risk of fractures and fall injuries is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the risk of fractures and fall injuries in older patients after admission with seasonal influenza. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study of 6604 adults, 65 years or older, admitted with seasonal influenza at Swedish hospitals (from December 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017) and 330,200 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population and admitted for other reasons, the risk of fracture or fall injury was investigated. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 6604 influenza patients was 80.9 (8.1) years and 50.1% were women. During the first year after hospital discharge, there were 680 (10.3%) patients suffering from a fracture or fall injury among the patients with influenza, and 25,807 (7.8%) among the controls, corresponding to incident rates of 141 (95% CI, 131-152) and 111 (95% CI, 110-112) fractures or fall injuries per 1000 person-years respectively, translating to a significantly increased risk of fracture or fall injury in a Cox regression model (hazard ratio (HR) 1.28 (95% CI, 1.19-1.38)), a risk that was maintained after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.22 (95% CI 1.13-1.31)). CONCLUSIONS Older adults admitted with influenza diagnosis have an increased risk of fracture or fall injury during the first year after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Axelsson
- Närhälsan Norrmalm Health Centre, Skövde, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Building K, 6th Floor, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - H Litsne
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Building K, 6th Floor, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M Lorentzon
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Building K, 6th Floor, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Keenan BE, Hallas K, Drahota AK, Evans SL. A comparison of floor surfaces for injury prevention in care settings: impact forces and horizontal pulling force required to move wheeled equipment. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2383-2394. [PMID: 32647950 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Shock-absorbing flooring is one potential solution to prevent fall-related injuries. No standards exist to characterize shock-absorbing healthcare flooring. This study explores two mechanical tests for impact force reduction and horizontal force required to move wheeled objects. An appropriately designed rubber underlay can reduce peak impact by 25% compared with 1% with standard vinyl. INTRODUCTION Severe falls often occur in hospitals and care homes. Shock-absorbing flooring is one potential solution to prevent fall-related injuries; however, no standards exist for characterizing flooring as an injury prevention measure. Shock-absorbing flooring use in high-risk settings may influence both patients (injury-saving potential) and staff (manoeuvring equipment). We aimed to explore two tests to characterize floors, to determine shock absorbency and horizontal pulling force required to move wheeled objects. METHODS Mechanical testing was performed according to the Canadian Standards Association Z325 Hip Protectors document. This test was developed for hip protectors but is applicable to compliant surfaces that form part of the floor. Tests were performed on commercially available floor materials (suitable for care settings) to assess the force required to initiate movement of a wheeled object across the floor. We explored the relationships between horizontal force required to pull wheeled objects, impact force, floor thickness, and core material. RESULTS Considerable differences were identified between floor samples in their ability to reduce the peak impact force (range 0.7-25%). A peak force reduction of up to 25% can be achieved with a specially designed rubber underlay. Horizontal pulling force increased with floor thickness but was lower for rubber floors. There was no direct relationship between impact attenuation and horizontal pulling force. Whilst thickness and core material explain some variations (66.5% for wheel movement; 82.3% for impact), other unmeasured factors clearly influence floor performance. CONCLUSIONS These results can inform the development of flooring and the establishment of standards needed to underpin practice, research, and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Keenan
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - K Hallas
- Science Division, Health & Safety Executive (HSE), Harpur Hill, Derbyshire, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK
| | - A K Drahota
- School of Health & Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, Portsmouth, PO1 2PR, UK
| | - S L Evans
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
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Ekbrand H, Ekman R, Thodelius C, Möller M. Fall-related injuries for three ages groups - Analysis of Swedish registry data 1999-2013. J Safety Res 2020; 73:143-152. [PMID: 32563386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to analyze which factors (including factors pertaining to the individual, the household, and the local area) increase the risk of fall injuries for the three age groups with the highest risk for fall injuries in Sweden. METHOD The study combined longitudinal data covering the period 1999-2013 from several different official registries from Statistics Sweden as well as from the Swedish health care system and fitted the models to data using mixed model regressions. RESULTS Three age groups had a markedly heightened risk for fall injuries: 1-3-year olds, 12-14 year olds, and the elderly (65+). The home was the most common location for fall injuries, as about 40% of all fall injuries occur in the home. Only for the elderly strong predictors for fall injuries were found, and these were: age, single household, and special housing. CONCLUSIONS There is preventive potential in the special residences for the elderly and disabled. People living in these special residences make up a strongly selected group that needs extra safe environments. Our findings indicate that their needs are currently not meet. Practical applications: Design of special residences for the elderly and disabled should aim at reducing the consequences of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ekbrand
- University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Robert Ekman
- Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Michael Möller
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Unguryanu TN, Grjibovski AM, Trovik TA, Ytterstad B, Kudryavtsev AV. Mechanisms of accidental fall injuries and involved injury factors: a registry-based study. Inj Epidemiol 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32172689 PMCID: PMC7074993 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-020-0234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, but fall injury circumstances differ by age. We studied the circumstances of accidental fall injuries by age in Shenkursk District, Northwest Russia, using the data from the population-based Shenkursk Injury Registry. Methods Data on accidental fall injuries (hereafter: fall injuries) occurring in January 2015–June 2018 were extracted from the Shenkursk Injury Registry (N = 1551) and categorized by age group (0–6, 7–17, 18–59, and 60+ years). The chi-square test and ANOVA were used to compare descriptive injury variables across age groups, and a two-step cluster analysis was performed to identify homogeneous groups of fall injuries by preceding circumstances. Results Half of recorded fall injuries in the 0–6 year age group occurred inside dwellings (49%). The largest cluster of falls (64%) mainly included climbing up or down on home furnishings. In the 7–17 year age group, public outdoor residential areas were the most common fall injury site (29%), and the largest cluster of falls (37%) involved physical exercise and sport or play equipment. Homestead lands or areas near a dwelling were the most typical fall injury sites in the age groups 18–59 and 60+ years (31 and 33%, respectively). Most frequently, fall injury circumstances in these groups involved slipping on ice-covered surfaces (32% in 18–59 years, 37% in 60+ years). Conclusion The circumstances of fall injuries in the Shenkursk District varied across age groups. This knowledge can be used to guide age-specific preventive strategies in the study area and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Nikolaevna Unguryanu
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, Norway. .,Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia.
| | - Andrej Mechislavovich Grjibovski
- Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia.,North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky str., 58, Yakutsk, 677027, Russia.,Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040.,West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Maresyev str., 68, Aktobe, 030019, Kazakhstan
| | - Tordis Agnete Trovik
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børge Ytterstad
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alexander Valerievich Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, Norway.,Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
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11
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Hrica JK, Eiter BM, Pollard JP, Kocher LM, Nasarwanji M. Analysis of Fall-Related Imminent Danger Orders in the Metal/Nonmetal Mining Sector. Min Metall Explor 2020; 37:619-630. [PMID: 32875277 PMCID: PMC7458488 DOI: 10.1007/s42461-020-00186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within the metal/nonmetal mining sector, fall-related incidents account for a large proportion of fatal and non-fatal injuries. However, the events and contributing factors leading up to these incidents have not been fully investigated. To help provide a clearer picture of these factors, an analysis of imminent danger orders issued by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) between 2010 and 2017 at both surface and underground metal/nonmetal mine sites revealed that most orders are associated with fall risks. Of these cases, 84% involved the workers not using fall protection, fall protection not being provided, or the improper use of fall protection. Fall risks for workers most frequently occurred when standing on mobile equipment, performing maintenance and repairs on plant equipment, or working near highwalls. In most cases, a single, basic, corrective action (e.g., using fall protection) would have allowed workers to perform the task safely. Overall, these findings suggest that a systematic approach is needed to identify, eliminate, and prevent imminent danger situations. Furthermore, to protect mineworkers from falls from height, frequently performed tasks requiring fall protection should be redesigned to eliminate the reliance on personal fall protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Hrica
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Brianna M. Eiter
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Jonisha P. Pollard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Lydia M. Kocher
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Mahiyar Nasarwanji
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
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12
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Keenan BE, Evans SL. Biomechanical testing of hip protectors following the Canadian Standards Association express document. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1205-1214. [PMID: 30941484 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A variety of hip protectors are available, but it is not clear which is the most effective and there is no standard test to evaluate their performance. This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Some protectors perform well but others are almost ineffective, providing little to no protection to the wearer during a fall. INTRODUCTION Each year, over 70,000 patients are admitted to hospital in the UK with hip fractures. There are a variety of commercial hip protectors currently available. However, it is not explicitly clear which is the most effective with regard to maximum force attenuation, whilst still being both comfortable for the user and providing reasonable force reduction if misplaced from the intended position. The numerous test methods reported in the literature have given conflicting results, making objective comparison difficult for users, researchers, and manufacturers alike. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has therefore published an express document (EXP-08-17) with a draft standard test method. This paper presents initial results for a range of hip protectors. METHODS Eighteen commercially available hip protectors were tested according to EXP-08-17. Each hip protector was impacted five times in correct anatomical alignment over the greater trochanter and once at 50 mm displacements in the anterior, posterior, and lateral directions. RESULTS Considerable differences were identified between individual hip protectors in their ability to reduce impact forces on the femur (between 3% and 36% reduction in peak force). The performance was reduced when misplaced in many cases (maximum reduction only 20%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Previous studies have used a variety of methods, making it difficult to interpret results. We hope that these results using a standard test method will facilitate the effective comparison of results, as well as providing useful data for clinicians, users, and purchasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Keenan
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, 14-17 The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - S L Evans
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, 14-17 The Parade, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, UK
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13
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Wallander M, Axelsson KF, Lundh D, Lorentzon M. Patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation therapy have increased risk of fractures-a study from the fractures and fall injuries in the elderly cohort (FRAILCO). Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:115-125. [PMID: 30324413 PMCID: PMC6331736 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis is a common complication of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In this large Swedish cohort study consisting of a total of nearly 180,000 older men, we found that those with prostate cancer and ADT have a significantly increased risk of future osteoporotic fractures. INTRODUCTION Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer is associated to increased risk of fractures. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ADT in patients with prostate cancer and the risk of incident fractures and non-skeletal fall injuries both compared to those without ADT and compared to patients without prostate cancer. METHODS We included 179,744 men (79.1 ± 7.9 years (mean ± SD)) from the Swedish registry to which national directories were linked in order to study associations regarding fractures, fall injuries, morbidity, mortality and medications. We identified 159,662 men without prostate cancer, 6954 with prostate cancer and current ADT and 13,128 men with prostate cancer without ADT. During a follow-up of approximately 270,300 patient-years, we identified 10,916 incident fractures including 4860 hip fractures. RESULTS In multivariable Cox regression analyses and compared to men without prostate cancer, those with prostate cancer and ADT had increased risk of any fracture (HR 95% CI 1.40 (1.28-1.53)), hip fracture (1.38 (1.20-1.58)) and MOF (1.44 (1.28-1.61)) but not of non-skeletal fall injury (1.01 (0.90-1.13)). Patients with prostate cancer without ADT did not have increased risk of any fracture (0.97 (0.90-1.05)), hip fracture (0.95 (0.84-1.07)), MOF (1.01 (0.92-1.12)) and had decreased risk of non-skeletal fall injury (0.84 (0.77-0.92)). CONCLUSIONS Patients with prostate cancer and ADT is a fragile patient group with substantially increased risk of osteoporotic fractures both compared to patients without prostate cancer and compared to those with prostate cancer without ADT. We believe that this must be taken in consideration in all patients with prostate cancer already at the initiation of ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wallander
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Center for Bone Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K F Axelsson
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Center for Bone Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - D Lundh
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - M Lorentzon
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Center for Bone Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Building K, 6th Floor, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Witt WS, Bunn TL, Slavova S. Workers compensation-reported injuries among security and law enforcement personnel in the private versus public sectors. Inj Epidemiol 2018; 5:27. [PMID: 29961925 PMCID: PMC6026584 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-018-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Private and Public security and law enforcement (SLE) sectors perform multiple overlapping job duties. Methods Workers’ compensation (WC) SLE first reports of injury (FROI) data (2005–2015) were analyzed to describe injuries, identify differences in awarded WC benefits, and compare the probability of a FROI resulting in awarded benefits between Public and Private SLE. A Pearson’s chi-square test was utilized and reverse selection logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio that a FROI would result in an awarded benefit for Private vs. Public SLE, while adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Private SLE had higher FROI percentages for younger and for older workers, fall injuries, and back injuries, compared to Public SLE. The adjusted odds that a FROI resulted in an awarded benefit was 1.4 times higher for Private SLE compared to Public SLE; (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09,1.69). Middle-aged SLE employee adjusted odds of awarded benefits was 3.3 times (95% CI [1.96, 5.39]) higher compared to younger employees. Adjusted odds of awarded benefits was 3.8 times (95% CI [1.34, 10.61]) higher for gunshots and 1.7 times (95% CI [1.22, 2.39]) higher for fractures/dislocations compared to other nature of injuries. Motor vehicle injury, fall/slip, and strain related FROIs had elevated adjusted odds of awarded benefits compared to other injury causes. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of injury prevention education and worker safety training for Private and Public SLE sector workers on fall prevention (especially in Private SLE) and strain prevention (especially in Public SLE), as well as motor vehicle safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Witt
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - T L Bunn
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - S Slavova
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
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Asghari Jafarabadi M, Sadeghi-Bazrgani H, Dianat I. A critical appraisal of the reporting quality of published randomized controlled trials in the fall injuries. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2018; 25:222-228. [PMID: 29457920 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2017.1416479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the quality of reporting in published randomized controlled trials (RTCs) in the field of fall injuries. The 188 RTCs published between 2001 and 2011, indexed in EMBASE and Medline databases were extracted through searching by appropriate keywords and EMTree classification terms. The evaluation trustworthiness was assured through parallel evaluations of two experts in epidemiology and biostatistics. About 40%-75% of papers had problems in reporting random allocation method, allocation concealment, random allocation implementation, blinding and similarity among groups, intention to treat and balancing benefits and harms. Moreover, at least 10% of papers inappropriately/not reported the design, protocol violations, sample size justification, subgroup/adjusted analyses, presenting flow diagram, drop outs, recruitment time, baseline data, suitable effect size on outcome, ancillary analyses, limitations and generalizability. Considering the shortcomings found and due to the importance of the RCTs for fall injury prevention programmes, their reporting quality should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- a Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazrgani
- a Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b WHO Collaborating Center on Community Safety Promotion, Department of Public Health Sciences , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Iman Dianat
- c Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Occupational Health , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Titler MG, Conlon P, Reynolds MA, Ripley R, Tsodikov A, Wilson DS, Montie M. The effect of a translating research into practice intervention to promote use of evidence-based fall prevention interventions in hospitalized adults: A prospective pre-post implementation study in the U.S. Appl Nurs Res 2016; 31:52-9. [PMID: 27397819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a major public health problem internationally. Many hospitals have implemented fall risk assessment tools, but few have implemented interventions to mitigate patient-specific fall risks. Little research has been done to examine the effect of implementing evidence-based fall prevention interventions to mitigate patient-specific fall risk factors in hospitalized adults. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of implementing, in 3 U.S. hospitals, evidence-based fall prevention interventions targeted to patient-specific fall risk factors (Targeted Risk Factor Fall Prevention Bundle). Fall rates, fall injury rates, types of fall injuries and adoption of the Targeted Risk Factor Fall Prevention Bundle were compared prior to and following implementation. DESIGN A prospective pre-post implementation cohort design. SETTING Thirteen adult medical-surgical units from three community hospitals in the Midwest region of the U.S. PARTICIPANTS Nurses who were employed at least 20hours/week, provided direct patient care, and licensed as an RN (n=157 pre; 140 post); and medical records of patients 21years of age or older, who received care on the study unit for more than 24hours during the designated data collection period (n=390 pre and post). METHODS A multi-faceted Translating Research Into Practice Intervention was used to implement the Targeted Risk Factor Fall Prevention Bundle composed of evidence-based fall prevention interventions designed to mitigate patient-specific fall risks. Dependent variables (fall rates, fall injury rates, fall injury type, use of Targeted Risk Factor Fall Prevention Bundle) were collected at baseline, and following completion of the 15month implementation phase. Nurse questionnaires included the Stage of Adoption Scale, and the Use of Research Findings in Practice Scale to measure adoption of evidence-based fall prevention practices. A Medical Record Abstract Form was used to abstract data about use of targeted risk-specific fall prevention interventions. Number of falls, and number and types of fall injuries were collected for each study unit for 3months pre- and post-implementation. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Fall rates declined 22% (p=0.09). Types of fall injuries changed from major and moderate to minor injuries. Fall injury rates did not decline. Use of fall prevention interventions improved significantly (p<0.001) for mobility, toileting, cognition, and risk reduction for injury, but did not change for those targeting medications. CONCLUSIONS Using the Translating Research Into Practice intervention promoted use of many evidence-based fall prevention interventions to mitigate patient-specific fall risk factors in hospitalized adults.
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