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Song W, Li M, Xu S, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang X, Qiu W, Wang Z, Song Q, Bhatt K, Fu C. Performance and mechanisms for tetrabromobisphenol A efficient degradation in a novel homogeneous advanced treatment based on S 2O 42- activated by Fe 3. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120579. [PMID: 36336186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a representative brominated flame retardant (BFR), generally could be debrominated and degraded effectively in photolysis systems with the high energy consumption. In this study, the novel sulfate radical (SO4•-) generation resource of dithionite (S2O42-), activated by the common transition metal of Fe3+, has been applied for establishing an innovative homogeneous advance treatment system for BFR treatment in water. When coupling Fe3+ with S2O42-, TBBPA degradation efficiency could be remarkably improved from 38.7% to 93.8% with the debromination and mineralization efficiency of 83.9% and 18.5% in 60 min, respectively. The primary reactive species also have been identified as SO3•-, SO4•- and •OH responsible for TBBPA treatment and the contributions of SO4•- and •OH have been calculated as 43.8% and 28.4% for TBBPA degradation, respectively. In Fe3+/S2O42- system, TBBPA was effectively degraded in a wide initial pH range (3.0-9.0), whose activation energy was calculated as 32.01 kJ mol-1. Due to the only operation of reagents dosing, the energy consumption and cost could be decreasing significantly without any light energy input and reaction conditions (e.g., pH and dissolved oxygen) adjustment compared with the general photolysis process. Moreover, some possible degradation approaches of TBBPA also have been proposed via GC-MS including debromination, hydroxylation, methylation, and mineralization in Fe3+/S2O42- system. And these probable degradation pathways also have been confirmed with the decreased Gibbs free energy (ΔG) based on density functional theory (DFT). This study has revealed that it was promising of Fe3+/S2O42- system for BFRs degradation and detoxification efficiently through the simple operation and mild condtions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuoyue Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Application and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qi Song
- Henan Medscience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Caixia Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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