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Chang YQ, Moon SK, Wang YQ, Xie LM, Kim SK. Supplemental effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on growth performance, intestinal environment, meat quality and serum of broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.24.0042. [PMID: 38754853 DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Pine needles are rich in many nutrients and exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant biological activities; however, the effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on the growth performance and intestinal flora of broiler chickens are not known. Methods Normal diets were supplemented with PNF (Pine Needle Fermentation juice), PNS (Pine Needle Soaking juice), or PNP (Pine Needle Powder), and the associated effects on growth performance, relative organ weights, intestinal development, intestinal histological morphology, intestinal flora, meat quality, and serum indicators in broiler chickens were observed. Results The results showed that PNF, PNS, and PNP all significantly improved feed utilisation and promoted the growth and development of broilers. All three additives also significantly improved the structure of the intestinal flora, specifically increasing the diversity of bacteria; increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Rikenella, and Blautia; and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Staphylococcus. The antioxidant properties of pine needles were also found to intensify lipid metabolic reactions in the blood, thus leading to lower TG and TCHO. Meanwhile, high doses of PNF reduced jejunum and ileum weights and also increased meat yellowness. Lastly, none of PNF, PNS, or PNP had an effect on relative organ weights or intestinal histological morphology. Conclusion In conclusion, the addition of pine needles to the diet of broiler chickens can effectively promote their growth performance as well as improve their intestinal flora and serum status without side effects; in particular, the dose of 0.2% of either PNF and PNS is expected to have the capacity to replace growth-promoting antibiotics as diet additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qiang Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Liu-Ming Xie
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Hong L, Ma Z, Jing X, Yang H, Ma J, Pu L, Zhang J. Effects of dietary supplementation of polysaccharide from Agaricus blazei Murr on productive performance, egg quality, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology and microbiota of Korean quail. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0441. [PMID: 38575122 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) at varying concentrations on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of quail. Methods The study involved a total of 2,700 Korean quails, which were randomly divided into three groups. The measured variables encompassed productive performance, egg parameters, carcass parameters, serum metabolites, immune response parameters, antioxidative properties, and gut microbiome. Results The addition of ABP did not have a significant effect on average daily feed intake. However, it was found to increase the average daily egg weight and egg production rate, reduce the feed-egg ratio. There were no significant impacts on egg quality measures such as egg shape index, egg yolk index and color, egg yolk and protein content. However, ABP supplementation significantly increased the Hough Unit (HU) (p<0.01) and decreased the rate of unqualified eggs(p<0.01). Regarding serum parameters, the inclusion led to an increase in total protein concentration(p<0.05) and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). There were no significant effects observed on immune indicators such as immune globulin A (IgA) and immune globulin M (IgM). ABP supplementation increased the levels of serum antioxidant indicators, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity colorimeter (T-AOC) (p<0.05). Furthermore, ABP supplementation significantly elevated the intramuscular fatty acid content in quail meat. Additionally, ABP supplementation demonstrated a significant improvement in the diversity of gut microbiota and induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of ABP enhanced production performance and antioxidant capacity while increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in quail muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Ecological Feed, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Xueyi Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jifei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Lei Pu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Ecological Feed, Tianjin 301800, China
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Kim SW, Gormley A, Jang KB, Duarte ME. - Invited Review - Current status of global pig production: an overview and research trends. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:719-729. [PMID: 37946421 PMCID: PMC11016693 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Global pig production has increased by 140% since the 1960s. The increase in global population, coupled with improving socioeconomic conditions of many countries has led to an increased consumption of meat globally, including pork. To keep up with demand and capitalize on economic opportunities, the countries of China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) have become the top 3 pork producers globally. China is of particular interest, as it is the both the largest country in pork production and pig numbers, as well as being the largest importer of pork from other countries. Globally, the efficiency of pork production has improved, in relation to the integration of pig production and the dramatic increase in research efforts in pig nutrition and production. Through integration, large producers can consolidate resources and maximize profits and efficiency. The increased research interest and efforts in pig production have given scientists and producers the opportunity to collaborate to adapt to challenges and identify possible solutions to issues brought on by a volatile global market. Intestinal health (23%), general nutrition and growth (23%), and amino acid nutrition (15%) were the top 3 areas (61%) leading research trends in pig nutrition and production. Major dietary interventions with feed additives evaluated include functional amino acids, feed enzymes, pre-/pro-/post-biotics, and phytobiotics with a common goal to improve the growth efficiency by enhancing nutrient utilization and intestinal health. With increasing global issues with environment, pig producers and the supporting scientists should continue their efforts to improve the production efficiency and to reduce the environmental footprint from pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Alexa Gormley
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Ki Beom Jang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
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Adewole DI, Kim IH, Nyachoti CM. Gut Health of Pigs: Challenge Models and Response Criteria with a Critical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Selected Feed Additives - A Review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:909-24. [PMID: 26954144 PMCID: PMC4932585 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut is the largest organ that helps with the immune function. Gut health, especially in young pigs has a significant benefit to health and performance. In an attempt to maintain and enhance intestinal health in pigs and improve productivity in the absence of in-feed antibiotics, researchers have evaluated a wide range of feed additives. Some of these additives such as zinc oxide, copper sulphate, egg yolk antibodies, mannan-oligosaccharides and spray dried porcine plasma and their effectiveness are discussed in this review. One approach to evaluate the effectiveness of these additives in vivo is to use an appropriate disease challenge model. Over the years, researchers have used a number of challenge models which include the use of specific strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, bacteria lipopolysaccharide challenge, oral challenge with Salmonella enteric serotype Typhimurium, sanitation challenge, and Lawsonia intercellularis challenge. These challenge models together with the criteria used to evaluate the responses of the animals to them are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - C. M. Nyachoti
- Corresponding Author: C. M. Nyachoti. Tel: +1-204-474-7323, Fax: +1-204-474-7628, E-mail:
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Melo ADB, Silveira H, Luciano FB, Andrade C, Costa LB, Rostagno MH. Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: Potential Roles in Promoting Gut Health in Weanling Piglets and Its Modulation by Feed Additives - A Review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:16-22. [PMID: 26732323 PMCID: PMC4698684 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal environment plays a critical role in maintaining swine health. Many factors such as diet, microbiota, and host intestinal immune response influence the intestinal environment. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an important apical brush border enzyme that is influenced by these factors. IAP dephosphorylates bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides, and flagellin, reducing bacterial toxicity and consequently regulating toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation and inflammation. It also desphosphorylates extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, consequently reducing inflammation, modulating, and preserving the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. The apical localization of IAP on the epithelial surface reveals its role on LPS (from luminal bacteria) detoxification. As the expression of IAP is reported to be downregulated in piglets at weaning, LPS from commensal and pathogenic gram-negative bacteria could increase inflammatory processes by TLR-4 activation, increasing diarrhea events during this phase. Although some studies had reported potential IAP roles to promote gut health, investigations about exogenous IAP effects or feed additives modulating IAP expression and activity yet are necessary. However, we discussed in this paper that the critical assessment reported can suggest that exogenous IAP or feed additives that could increase its expression could show beneficial effects to reduce diarrhea events during the post weaning phase. Therefore, the main goals of this review are to discuss IAP’s role in intestinal inflammatory processes and present feed additives used as growth promoters that may modulate IAP expression and activity to promote gut health in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D B Melo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - H Silveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - F B Luciano
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - C Andrade
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - L B Costa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M H Rostagno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ku BS, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Soriano AP, Lee HI, Nam KC, Ha JK, Lee SS. Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Producing Bacteria on In vitro Rumen Fermentation, Biogenic Amine Production and Anti-oxidation Using Corn Meal as Substrate. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:804-11. [PMID: 25049853 PMCID: PMC4093236 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects and significance of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and reduction of biogenic amines (histamine, methylamine, ethylamine, and tyramine) using corn meal as a substrate were determined. Ruminal samples collected from ruminally fistulated Holstein cows served as inoculum and corn was used as substrate at 2% dry matter (DM). Different inclusion rates of GPB and GABA were evaluated. After incubation, addition of GPB had no significant effect on in vitro fermentation pH and total gas production, but significantly increased the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and reduced the total biogenic amines production (p<0.05). Furthermore, antioxidation activity was improved as indicated by the significantly higher concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) among treated samples when compared to the control (p<0.05). Additionally, 0.2% GPB was established as the optimum inclusion level. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of utilizing GPB as feed additives to improve growth performance in ruminants by reducing biogenic amines and increasing anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Seung Ku
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Alvin P Soriano
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Il Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Jong K Ha
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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Giannenas I, Papaneophytou CP, Tsalie E, Pappas I, Triantafillou E, Tontis D, Kontopidis GA. Dietary Supplementation of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oil Compounds Affects Buffering Capacity of the Feeds, Performance of Turkey Poults and Their Antioxidant Status, pH in the Digestive Tract, Intestinal Microbiota and Morphology. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:225-36. [PMID: 25049947 PMCID: PMC4093202 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a basal diet with benzoic acid or thymol or a mixture of essential oil blends (MEO) or a combination of benzoic acid with MEO (BMEO) on growth performance of turkey poults. Control groups were fed a basal diet. In trial 1, benzoic acid was supplied at levels of 300 and 1,000 mg/kg. In trial 2, thymol or the MEO were supplied at levels of 30 mg/kg. In trial 3, the combination of benzoic acid with MEO was evaluated. Benzoic acid, MEO and BMEO improved performance, increased lactic acid bacteria populations and decreased coliform bacteria in the caeca. Thymol, MEO and BMEO improved antioxidant status of turkeys. Benzoic acid and BMEO reduced the buffering capacity compared to control feed and the pH values of the caecal content. Benzoic acid and EOs may be suggested as an effective alternative to AGP in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki PC 54124, Thessaloniki
Greece PO Box 390
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Alam MJ, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Sung HG, Kim DW, Cho SB, Lee K, Jeon CO, Lee SS. Bacterial Community Dynamics during Swine In vitro Fermentation Using Starch as a Substrate with Different Feed Additives for Odor Reduction. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:690-700. [PMID: 25049615 PMCID: PMC4093107 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted by in vitro fermentation and bacterial community analysis to investigate the reduction of odorous compounds in response to the use of feed additives (FA) during carbohydrate overload in growing pigs. Soluble starch at 1% (control) and various FA at 0.1% Ginseng meal (FA1); Persimmon leaf (FA2); Gingko nut (FA3) and Oregano lippia (FA4) were added to fecal slurry and incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. In vitro parameters and microbial diversity of the dominant bacteria following fermentation were analyzed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), band cloning and sequencing of the V3 region. Results showed that total gas production increased with the advancement of incubation (p<0.05). pH values of FAs and control groups were decreased except the FA4 group which increased somewhat from 12 to 24 h (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and H2S gas concentrations were comparatively lower in both stages in FA4 treatment than in the other groups (p<0.05). Hence, NH3-N concentrations in liquid phases were increased (p<0.05) from 12 to 24 h, but the trend was lowest in FA4 than in the other groups at both stages. The total VFA production was comparatively lower and butyrate levels were moderate in FA4 group than in the the other groups during both stages (p<0.05). Indirect odor-reducing compounds such as NO2, NO3 and SO4 concentrations were higher in the FA4 and FA3 than in the other groups at 24 h (p<0.05). After fermentation, ten dominant bands appeared, six of which appeared in all samples and four in only the FA4 treated group. The total number of DGGE bands and diversity was higher in the FA4-group compared to other groups. Additionally, similarity indices were lowest (71%) in the FA4, which represented a different bacterial community compared with the other groups. These findings indicate that NH3-N, H2S and VFA production was minimal, and pH was also better in the FA4 group than in the other groups. Furthermore, the conversion of odor-reducing indirect compounds or their intermediates was higher in the FA4 group in compared to the other groups. FA4 group generated less odorous products and more indirect products by in vitro fermentation at 24 h, and their microbial pattern appeared to differ from that of the other groups. These findings suggest that this particular FA could change the microbial population, which may have a beneficial effect on odor reduction. It is recommended that the oregano lippia may be supplied to growing pigs as FA along with excess carbohydrate sources to reduce the production of odorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md J Alam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea ; Department of Animal Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - C D Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - L L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H G Sung
- Adbiotech Co. Ltd., Chun-Cheon City 200-880, Korea
| | - D W Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 330-801, Korea
| | - S B Cho
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C O Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Sang S Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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