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Zhao G, Wei G, Yan Z, Guo B, Guang S, Wu R, Xu H. A multiple fluorescein-based turn-on fluorophore (FHCS) identified for simultaneous determination and living imaging of toxic Al 3+ and Zn 2+ by improved Stokes shift. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1095:185-196. [PMID: 31864621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A multiple turn-on fluorophore (FHCS), combining fluorescein, hydrazone, cyanuric chloride and salicylaldehyde chromone into a molecule, was identified and developed based on density functional theoretical calculation. It was expected that FHCS could express exclusive fluorescent signals and improved Stokes shifts when chelating Al3+ or Zn2+. After it was synthesized and characterized in detail, it was noted that FHCS could turn-on fluorescently discriminate trace Al3+ and Zn2+ under the optimized conditions, i.e., from no-fluorescence to strong blue fluorescence for Al3+ and to green fluorescence for Zn2+ with low detection limits of 5.37 × 10-8 M and 7.90 × 10-8 M respectively. Owing to its low toxicity, FHCS was successfully applied for quantitative determination of Al3+ and Zn2+ in natural aqueous samples and toxicity evaluation of Al3+ and Zn2+ in living cells and bio-tissues with excellent linear relationships. The action mechanisms for FHCS with Al3+ and Zn2+ were confirmed to form stable 5-member-co-6-member condensed rings between Al3+/Zn2+ and N/O atoms in FHCS by both theoretic and experimental methods, which resulted in turn-on fluorescence with different dipolar moments and improved Stokes shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengquan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Bingyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shangyi Guang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Rongliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymers Materials & College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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