Du J, Dong S, Jia S, Zhang Q, Hei M. Clinical characteristics and post-discharge follow-up analyses of 10 infants with congenital tuberculosis: A retrospective observational study.
Pediatr Investig 2021;
5:86-93. [PMID:
34179703 PMCID:
PMC8212740 DOI:
10.1002/ped4.12266]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE
Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is a rare, potentially fatal disease. There is currently a lack of detailed clinical information available regarding this disease.
OBJECTIVE
This retrospective study investigated the clinical manifestations, treatment, and long-term prognosis of congenital TB.
METHODS
Patients were treated in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China) between 2009 and 2018. Their demographic data, maternal and family histories, symptoms and signs, treatment information, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected using the hospital's electronic information system.
RESULTS
Ten infants with congenital TB were enrolled. The mean gestational age was 36.6 ± 2.2 weeks and mean birth weight was 2517 ± 487 g. All 10 patients exhibited fever, nine patients (90%) had anemia, and six patients (60%) had extrauterine growth retardation. On chest computed tomography scans, all 10 patients presented multiple pulmonary nodules and four patients (40%) had mediastinal adenopathy. Nine out of ten (90%) completed the T-spot test, and eight of them (8/9, 89%) were positive. Anti-TB treatment was initiated upon diagnostic confirmation. All patients (100%) received combined treatment with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Eight of 10 patients (80%) received combined treatment with INH, RIF, and pyrazinamide. The survival rate was 100%. One patient was lost to follow-up and four patients are currently continuing treatment. Three of nine patients (33%) achieved normal developmental milestones at 6 months of age.
INTERPRETATION
Early diagnosis based on maternal history, typical imaging results, and timely treatment can improve outcomes in infants with congenital TB.
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