Foramen venosum: a clinicoanatomic insight into its occurrence and morphometry

PURPOSE

The present study aimed to evaluate the foramen venosum (FV) frequency, incidence, morphometry and relation with foramen ovale in an Indian population. The emissary vein passing through it may spread extracranial facial infections to the intracranial cavernous sinus. Due to its close proximity with the foramen ovale and its variable occurrence, awareness about its presence and anatomy is essential to neurosurgeons operating in this region.

METHODS

62 dry adult human skulls were studied for the occurrence and morphometry of foramen venosum, both at the middle cranial fossa and extracranial base of the skull. Dimensions were taken using Java-based image processing program, IMAGE J. After collection of data, appropriate statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS

The foramen venosum was observed in 49.1% skulls. Its presence was noted more frequently at the extracranial skull base than in the middle cranial fossa. No significant difference was observed between the two sides. FV at the extracranial view of the skull base had a larger maximum diameter than in the middle cranial fossa; however, the distance between FV and the foramen ovale was found to be more at the middle cranial fossa than at the extracranial view of the skull base on both the right and left side. Variations in the shape of the foramen venosum were also observed.

CONCLUSION

The present study is not only of great importance to anatomists, but also to radiologists and neurosurgeons for better planning and execution of the surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale to prevent iatrogenic injuries.