Hassan SA, Nosheen M, Rafaz N. Revealing the environmental pollution in nexus of aviation transportation in SAARC region.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019;
26:25092-25106. [PMID:
31254192 DOI:
10.1007/s11356-019-05648-3]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The environmental degradation has put serious concern among the nations at global level, yet contented measures are still lagged behind the prospective outcomes. This study is aimed at analyzing the existence of "aviation transportation Kuznets curve" together with "environmental Kuznets curve" in perspective of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the SAARC region during 1980 to 2018. The panel unit root test summary applied to panel data indicates the first difference order while panel fisher cointegration shows long-run association among the considered variables. The econometric results by fully modified least square (FMOLS) validate the existence of "inverted U-shaped" Kuznets curve for environment as (EKC) and aviation transported carriage (ATC) while "U shaped" aviation transported passenger (ATP) is observed in context to greenhouse gas (GHG). In addition, the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) exhibits "inverted U shaped" for aviation transportation while GDP has an increasing trend of "U-shaped" curve. The pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality shows unidirectional association from economic growth, trade openness, and aviation sector to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, it is an urgent need of the hour for the SAARC region to consider the sustainability of the environment by key sector. This analysis suggests that SAARC nations must focus on exploiting renewable energy means along with implementing fuel-saving traveler and merchandise expertise that thoroughly cuts the diesel fuel.
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