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Chen L, Ruan S, Wang P, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Tian W, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liang W. Imaging features of primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma: Differentiation from hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on CT: A preliminary study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14123. [PMID: 36938423 PMCID: PMC10018468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma (PHSC) is a rare type of malignant tumor in the liver. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the imaging diagnosis of PHSC. In this study, we collected clinical and computed tomography (CT) imaging data of PHSC from two institutions, aiming to investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of PHSC. Methods We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics and CT features of 22 PHSC patients (19 males and 3 females; mean age, 63.4 years; range, 49 to 76 years), 95 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 50 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT features of the three groups. Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in the clinical characteristics and CT features between the PHSC and control groups. Results Most PHSCs were larger than 5 cm (72.7%). PHSC mainly showed irregular (81.8%), heterogeneous (100%) masses with ill-defined (72.7%) borders with necrosis (86.4%) on CT, which are more common CT features versus HCC (p < 0.001). In the arterial phase, PHSC always showed noticeable heterogeneous enhancement (100.0%), mainly manifesting as partial arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) (86.4%). The enhancement patterns of PHSC mainly included delayed progressive enhancement (72.7%), nonperipheral washout (22.7%), and unclassified enhancement (4.5%), which were significantly different from the HCC enhancement pattern but similar to the enhancement pattern of ICC. In addition, vein tumor thrombus (18.2%), intrahepatic metastasis (27.3%), and lymphadenopathy (27.3%) were relatively common in PHSC. Furthermore, most PHSC tumors classified as LR-M (66.7%) were similar to ICC. Conclusions PHSC generally presents as irregularly large masses with necrosis, intrahepatic metastasis, and lymphadenopathy. The CT enhancement of PHSC is mainly part of APHE and delayed progressive enhancement.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- APHE, arterial phase hyperenhancement
- CA125, carbohydrate antigen 12-5
- CA199, carbohydrate antigen 19-9
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CKpan, pan-cytokeratin
- CT, computed tomography
- Computed tomography
- GPC3, glypican-3
- H&E, hematoxylin-eosin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- Imaging
- Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PHSC, primary hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma
- TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shijian Ruan
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yubizhuo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wuwei Tian
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author. 79# Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Fujinami N, Yoshikawa T, Sawada Y, Shimomura M, Iwama T, Sugai S, Kitano S, Uemura Y, Nakatsura T. Enhancement of antitumor effect by peptide vaccine therapy in combination with anti-CD4 antibody: Study in a murine model. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:482-491. [PMID: 28955856 PMCID: PMC5600353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical efficacy of cancer peptide vaccine therapy is insufficient. To enhance the anti-tumor effect of peptide vaccine therapy, we combined this therapy with an anti-CD4 mAb (GK1.5), which is known to deplete CD4+ cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Methods To determine the treatment schedule, the number of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice was traced by flow cytometry after administration of anti-CD4 mAb. The ovalbumin (OVA)257–264 peptide vaccine was injected intradermally and anti-CD4 mAb was administered intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice at different schedules. We evaluated the enhancement of OVA peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction in the combination therapy using the ELISPOT assay, CD107a assay, and cytokine assay. We then examined the in vivo metastasis inhibitory effect by OVA peptide vaccine therapy in combination with anti-CD4 mAb against OVA-expressing thymoma (EG7) in a murine liver metastatic model. Results We showed that peptide-specific CTL induction was enhanced by the peptide vaccine in combination with anti-CD4 mAb and that the optimized treatment schedule had the strongest induction effect of peptide-specific CTLs using an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. We also confirmed that the CD107a+ cells secreted perforin and granzyme B and the amount of IL-2 and TNF produced by these CTLs increased when the peptide vaccine was combined with anti-CD4 mAb. Furthermore, metastasis was inhibited by peptide vaccines in combination with anti-CD4 mAb compared to peptide vaccine alone in a murine liver metastatic model. Conclusion The use of anti-CD4 mAb in combination with the OVA peptide vaccine therapy increased the number of peptide-specific CTLs and showed a higher therapeutic effect against OVA-expressing tumors. The combination with anti-CD4 mAb may provide a new cancer vaccine strategy. Peptide-specific CTL induction and function were enhanced by depletion of CD4+ cells. Anti-tumor effect by the peptide vaccine was enhanced by the depletion of CD4+ cells. Metastasis was inhibited by vaccine with depletion of CD4+ cells in a murine model. Combination with the depletion of CD4+ cells could be a new cancer vaccine strategy.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D
- Anti-CD4 antibody
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- Cancer
- DC, dendritic cell
- ELISPOT assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- FOXP3, forkhead box P3
- GPC3, glypican-3
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IFN-γ, interferon-γ
- IL-2, interleukine-2
- Immunotherapy
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- Murine liver metastatic model
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PD-1, programmed death-1
- PE, phycoerythrin
- Peptide vaccine
- QOL, quality of life
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-βl
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Fujinami
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Sawada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manami Shimomura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Iwama
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiori Sugai
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
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