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Han J, Kim D, Park HJ, Park HJ, Lee SK. Antiproliferative Activity of Gibbosic Acid H through Induction of G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:201-211. [PMID: 38205360 PMCID: PMC10774477 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causative cancers worldwide. Particularly, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC is a serious form of lung cancer that requires prompt diagnosis, and the 5-year survival rate for patients with this disease is only 24%. Gibbosic acid H (GaH), a natural lanostanoid obtained from the Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae), has antiproliferative activities against colon and lung cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of GaH in NSCLC cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. GaH was found to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and autophagy by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in A549 and H1299 cells. The induction of this cell cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin E1 and CDK2. Additionally, the induction of autophagy by GaH was correlated with the upregulation of LC3B, beclin-1, and p53 expression. GaH also induced apoptosis by upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in the lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that GaH has a potential in the growth inhibition of human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Han
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Viet Hung T, Thang PNT, Hien HM, Diep VT, Thu NT, Tan DM, Pham DT, Thi Ha D, Huynh DTM. Cytotoxic Activities and Fingerprint Analysis of Triterpenes by HPTLC Technique for Distinguishing Ganoderma Species from Vietnam and other Asian Countries. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3397. [PMID: 36501435 PMCID: PMC9738896 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), commonly called Linhzhi, is traditionally employed in the treatment of human diseases, including hepatitis, liver disorders, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, bronchitis, and tumorigenic diseases. In this study, the fingerprint profiles of five different strains of G. lucidum originated from Japan, Korea, China, and Vietnam, five samples of G. lucidum growing on Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv. in Vietnam, and five related Linhzhi species (Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma australe, Ganoderma clossum, Ganoderma subresinosu, and Ganoderma sp.) were investigated for triterpene derivatives using high-pressure, thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The HPTLC fingerprint profiles demonstrated significant differences between G. lucidum and other related Linhzhi species in the presence of triterpene derivatives. Evaluation for the cytotoxicity of these samples against four cancer cell lines, including A549, MCF7, PC3, and HepG2, displayed various levels of cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of: 15.6-46.3 µg/mL on the A549 cancer cell line, of 18.4-43.6 µg/mL on the MCF7 cancer cell line, of 10.0-32.1 µg/mL on the PC3 cancer cell line, and of 10.6-27.6 µg/mL on the HepG2 cancer cell line. Conclusively, these data contributed to the literature on the cytotoxic activities and fingerprint analysis of triterpenes by the HPTLC technique for distinguishing Ganoderma species from Vietnam and other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Viet Hung
- Institute of Drug Quality Control-Ho Chi Minh City (IDQC HCMC), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phan Nguyen Truong Thang
- Institute of Drug Quality Control-Ho Chi Minh City (IDQC HCMC), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Minh Hien
- Institute of Drug Quality Control-Ho Chi Minh City (IDQC HCMC), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Diep
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Minh Tan
- National Institute of Drug Quality Control (NIDQC), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Ha
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi My Huynh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
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Obodai M, Mensah DLN, Fernandes Â, Kortei NK, Dzomeku M, Teegarden M, Schwartz SJ, Barros L, Prempeh J, Takli RK, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana. Molecules 2017; 22:E196. [PMID: 28125070 PMCID: PMC6155870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains of Ganoderma sp. from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dying Delonix regia tree, were evaluated. Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. Free sugars included rhamnose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S. Ganoderma sp. strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics of Ganoderma spp. which grew simultaneously on the same tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Obodai
- CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana.
| | | | - Ângela Fernandes
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal.
| | - Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Matilda Dzomeku
- CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Matthew Teegarden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1134, Bragança 5301-857, Portugal.
| | - Juanita Prempeh
- CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Richard K Takli
- CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal.
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Abstract
Ganoderma species is known as a functional mushroom used in many Asian countries. Triterpenoids, ganoderic acids, and lucidenic acids have been isolated from Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae family), such as Ganoderma lucidum. Triterpenoids have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antiosteoclastic differentiation activity, anti-HIV-1, hepatoprotection, antioxidation, antihypertension, cholesterol reduction, and antiaggregation functions. In this chapter, the sources, biosynthesis, biological functions (including cell cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, anti-invasion, autophagy, anti-inflammation, antiosteoclastogenesis, antiasthma, and antihepatitis B activity), and pharmacokinetics of lucidenic acids and ganoderic acids are considered in detail here. This chapter briefly summarizes the multiple functions of lucidenic acids and ganoderic acids and their potential for fighting against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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