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Kim H, Joo Baek E, Kim YK, Park H, Hye Hur S, Kim JE, Jin Kim H. Development of a method for analysis and risk assessment of residual pesticides in ginseng using liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 427:136675. [PMID: 37385061 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method for detecting 335 pesticides in ginseng using liquid chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Additionally, the linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision of the method was validated. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for the instrument used in these experiments was 0.1-5.8 μg/kg and 0.3-17.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recovery was 71.6-113.4%. From 2016 to 2019, 467 ginseng samples were analyzed, of which 304 samples detected pesticide residues, but most of them were below the standard. It can be observed that the hazard quotient (HQ) of ginseng for detected pesticides was less than 1, thus implying that the risk was low. Hence, in this study, we developed a specific, reliable, and suitable method for a fast and simultaneous analysis of 335 pesticides in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoyoung Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baek
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Kyoung Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Suel Hye Hur
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- Major in Environment and Life Chemistry, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea.
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Liu WL, Zhang XL, Fan SQ, Zhu JP, Liang HH, Zhang YT, Xiao MF, Zeng Y, He H, He FY, Xiao XQ. A novel concept of Q-markers: Molecular connectivity index. Phytomedicine 2018; 45:36-40. [PMID: 29550178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs derived from botany have been playing essential role in both clinical treatment and pharmaceutical industry, unfortunately our worry is still that its quality and therapeutic efficacy are inconsistent. Recently many scientists launched a new project on quality (Q)-marker of medicinal herbs, this study was thus designed to generate a novel concept of quality (Q)-markers: molecular connectivity index (MCI), and to test and verify the new concept of molecular connectivity index (MCI). METHODS The first-order term (1χ) was selected to calculate and study quality (Q)-marker for TCM. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) was adopted as a model to verify the hypothesis. Volatile oils of HCT were determined using gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS). SIMCA 13.0 and SPSS 21.0 were used to deal with the data. RESULTS The minimum of the MCI values was 1.273, belonging to the peak 15, but the maximum (12.822) belonged to the peak 34, and the average value of fifty volatile oils was 5.798. The results demonstrated that MCI was the principle component, and monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid were also the principle components in oils. Fig. 2a shows peak 5, 24, 34 were the significant ingredients, while Fig. 2b shows peak 2, 5, 24 were the significant components. CONCLUSION The data demonstrated that MCI was associated with the structure of molecules and the therapeutic efficacy, MCI could directly exhibit the relationship between ingredients and effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). So MCI could be a potential and promising parameter for quality (Q)-marker. Therefore, MCI may be developed as a novel potential concept to control the quality of TCM.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/analysis
- Biomarkers, Pharmacological/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Houttuynia/chemistry
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards
- Models, Theoretical
- Monoterpenes/analysis
- Monoterpenes/chemistry
- Oils, Volatile/analysis
- Oils, Volatile/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Quality Control
- Sesquiterpenes/analysis
- Sesquiterpenes/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xi-Li Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shi-Qi Fan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yu-Tian Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Mei-Feng Xiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Department of pharmacy; Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang Academy, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Hong He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Fu-Yuan He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Characterization for Chinese Materia Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Xiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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