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Yu Y, Hu J, Chen X, Wu HL, Wang A, Tang C. Development of an UPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of abexinostat levels in rat plasma and application of pharmacokinetics. BMC Chem 2024; 18:37. [PMID: 38378603 PMCID: PMC10877774 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have excellent anti-tumor effects, such as abexinostat, which was a novel oral HDACi that was widely used in clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid and reliable method for the detection of abexinostat concentrations in rat plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The mobile phase we used was acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, and the internal standard (IS) was givinostat. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) was used for detection with ion transitions at m/z 397.93 → 200.19 for abexinostat and m/z 422.01 → 186.11 for givinostat, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision of abexinostat were less than 11.5% and the intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranged from - 10.7% to 9.7% using this method. During the analysis process, the stability of the test sample was reliable. In addition, the recovery and matrix effects of this method were within acceptable limits. Finally, the method presented in this paper enabled accurate and quick determination of abexinostat levels in rat plasma from the pharmacokinetic study following gavage at a dose of 8.0 mg/kg abexinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaohai Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hua-Lu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Anzhou Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Congrong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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2
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Krecak I, Lucijanic M, Verstovsek S. Advances in Risk Stratification and Treatment of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022; 17:155-169. [PMID: 35932395 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-022-00670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Estimating and modifying thrombotic risk is currently the mainstay of care for patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). In recent years, however, increased attention has shifted towards quality of life and disease modification. In this review, we discuss recent advances in risk stratification, present updated results for ruxolitinib and interferon randomized clinical trials, discuss new approaches in antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment, and summarize early phase trials of novel agents and emerging therapeutic concepts for the treatment of PV and ET. RECENT FINDINGS International collaborations and novel technologies, i.e., next-generation sequencing and machine learning techniques, have demonstrated excellent abilities to improve thrombotic risk stratification in PV and ET. Updated results from ruxolitinib and interferon randomized clinical trials have confirmed excellent efficacy and safety of these agents, both as first- and second-line treatments. Early trials of novel agents (histone deacetylase inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, lysine-specific demethylase-1 inhibitors, human double-minute 2 inhibitors, and hepcidin mimetics) have shown encouraging efficacy and safety in blood count control, reduction of splenomegaly, and alleviation of disease-related symptoms. Finally, accumulating evidence suggested that direct oral anticoagulants may be a valid therapeutic alternative to warfarin for prolonged thromboprophylaxis. International collaborations ("big data") with the help of new technologies represent an exciting new approach to analyze rare outcomes in rare diseases, especially for identifying novel prognostic biomarkers in PV and ET. Randomized clinical trials are also needed to fully elucidate whether novel agents may establish new standards of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Krecak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Sibenik-Knin County, Stjepana Radića 83, 22000, Sibenik, Croatia. .,School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Marko Lucijanic
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Spreafico M, Cafora M, Bragato C, Capitanio D, Marasca F, Bodega B, De Palma C, Mora M, Gelfi C, Marozzi A, Pistocchi A. Targeting HDAC8 to ameliorate skeletal muscle differentiation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105750. [PMID: 34214631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and currently there are few therapeutic options. The identification of new drug targets and their validation in model systems of DMD could be a promising approach to make progress in finding new treatments for this lethal disease. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play key roles in myogenesis and the therapeutic approach targeting HDACs in DMD is in an advanced phase of clinical trial. Here, we show that the expression of HDAC8, one of the members of the HDAC family, is increased in DMD patients and dystrophic zebrafish. The selective inhibition of HDAC8 with the PCI-34051 inhibitor rescues skeletal muscle defects, similarly to the treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Givinostat. Through acetylation profile of zebrafish with HDAC8 dysregulation, we identified new HDAC8 targets involved in cytoskeleton organization such as tubulin that, when acetylated, is a marker of stable microtubules. Our work provides evidence of HDAC8 overexpression in DMD patients and zebrafish and supports its specific inhibition as a new valuable therapeutic approach in the treatment of this pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Acetylation
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle Development
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/enzymology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bragato
- PhD program in Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marasca
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bodega
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marozzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Catarinella G, Moscheni C, Sartori P, Barbieri C, Roux-Biejat P, Napoli A, Vantaggiato C, Cervia D, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Latella L, De Palma C. Givinostat as metabolic enhancer reverting mitochondrial biogenesis deficit in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105751. [PMID: 34197911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive muscle wasting, weakness, and premature death. Remarkable progress has been made in genetic approaches, restoring dystrophin, or its function. However, the targeting of secondary pathological mechanisms, such as increasing muscle blood flow or stopping fibrosis, remains important to improve the therapeutic benefits, that depend on tackling both the genetic disease and the downstream consequences. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are one of the earliest deficits in DMD, arise from multiple cellular stressors and result in less than 50% of ATP content in dystrophic muscles. Here we establish that there are two temporally distinct phases of mitochondrial damage with depletion of mitochondrial mass at early stages and an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria at later stages, leading to a different oxidative fibers pattern, in young and adult mdx mice. We also observe a progressive mitochondrial biogenesis impairment associated with increased deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) promoter. Such histone deacetylation is inhibited by givinostat that positively modifies the epigenetic profile of PGC-1α promoter, sustaining mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative fiber type switch. We, therefore, demonstrate that givinostat exerts relevant effects at mitochondrial level, acting as a metabolic remodeling agent capable of efficiently promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in dystrophic muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Carbamates/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Catarinella
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00142, Italy; DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Barbieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Lucia Latella
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00142, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via L. Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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5
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Licandro SA, Crippa L, Pomarico R, Perego R, Fossati G, Leoni F, Steinkühler C. The pan HDAC inhibitor Givinostat improves muscle function and histological parameters in two Duchenne muscular dystrophy murine models expressing different haplotypes of the LTBP4 gene. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 34294164 PMCID: PMC8296708 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search of genetic determinants of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) severity, LTBP4, a member of the latent TGF-β binding protein family, emerged as an important predictor of functional outcome trajectories in mice and humans. Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in LTBP4 gene associate with prolonged ambulation in DMD patients, whereas an in-frame insertion polymorphism in the mouse LTBP4 locus modulates disease severity in mice by altering proteolytic stability of the Ltbp4 protein and release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Givinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor currently in phase III clinical trials for DMD treatment, significantly reduces fibrosis in muscle tissue and promotes the increase of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscles in mdx mice. In this study, we investigated the activity of Givinostat in mdx and in D2.B10 mice, two mouse models expressing different Ltbp4 variants and developing mild or more severe disease as a function of Ltbp4 polymorphism. METHODS Givinostat and steroids were administrated for 15 weeks in both DMD murine models and their efficacy was evaluated by grip strength and run to exhaustion functional tests. Histological examinations of skeletal muscles were also performed to assess the percentage of fibrotic area and CSA increase. RESULTS Givinostat treatment increased maximal normalized strength to levels that were comparable to those of healthy mice in both DMD models. The effect of Givinostat in both grip strength and exhaustion tests was dose-dependent in both strains, and in D2.B10 mice, Givinostat outperformed steroids at its highest dose. The in vivo treatment with Givinostat was effective in improving muscle morphology in both mdx and D2.B10 mice by reducing fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that Givinostat has a significant effect in ameliorating both muscle function and histological parameters in mdx and D2.B10 murine models suggesting a potential benefit also for patients with a poor prognosis LTBP4 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Flavio Leoni
- Preclinical Development, Italfarmaco S.p.A., Milan, Italy
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6
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Abstract
Consensus guidelines have helped to standardize the care of patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera, focusing on reducing the risk of thrombosis, mitigating symptoms, and avoiding therapies that may accelerate disease progression. However, many unmet needs still exist ranging from the roll of antiplatelet therapy in ET to medications that reduce disease progression. Retrospective studies suggest an improvement in myelofibrosis-free survival for treatment with interferons; new agents are looking to also enact disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Leukemia & Myeloid Disorders Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA60, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- Leukemia & Myeloid Disorders Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA60, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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7
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Xuan W, Khan M, Ashraf M. Pluripotent stem cell-induced skeletal muscle progenitor cells with givinostat promote myoangiogenesis and restore dystrophin in injured Duchenne dystrophic muscle. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:131. [PMID: 33579366 PMCID: PMC7881535 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations of the gene that encodes the protein dystrophin. A loss of dystrophin leads to severe and progressive muscle wasting in both skeletal and heart muscles. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their derivatives offer important opportunities to treat a number of diseases. Here, we investigated whether givinostat (Givi), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, with muscle differentiation properties could reprogram hiPSCs into muscle progenitor cells (MPC) for DMD treatment. Methods MPC were generated from hiPSCs by treatment with CHIR99021 and givinostat called Givi-MPC or with CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor as control-MPC. The proliferation and migration capacity were investigated by CCK-8, colony, and migration assays. Engraftment, pathological changes, and restoration of dystrophin were evaluated by in vivo transplantation of MPC. Conditioned medium from cultured MPC was collected and analyzed for extracellular vesicles (EVs). Results Givi-MPC exhibited superior proliferation and migration capacity compared to control-MPC. Givi-MPC produced less reactive oxygen species (ROS) after oxidative stress and insignificant expression of IL6 after TNF-α stimulation. Upon transplantation in cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured hind limb of Mdx/SCID mice, the Givi-MPC showed robust engraftment and restored dystrophin in the treated muscle than in those treated with control-MPC or human myoblasts. Givi-MPC significantly limited infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced muscle necrosis and fibrosis. Additionally, Givi-MPC seeded the stem cell pool in the treated muscle. Moreover, EVs released from Givi-MPC were enriched in several miRNAs related to myoangiogenesis including miR-181a, miR-17, miR-210 and miR-107, and miR-19b compared with EVs from human myoblasts. Conclusions It is concluded that hiPSCs reprogrammed into MPC by givinostat possessing anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and muscle gene-promoting properties effectively repaired injured muscle and restored dystrophin in the injured muscle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02174-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xuan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB-3712, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3712, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB-3712, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3712, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by increased erythrocyte count, thrombotic potential, and transformation to myelofibrosis. Older patients and those who have a history of thrombosis require cytoreductive therapy, most commonly with hydroxyurea. Other currently available therapies include pegylated interferon alfa-2a and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. However, there are limitations to these agents, including potential detrimental adverse effects. In this review, we will describe current therapeutic options for the treatment of PV and then detail new agents with available clinical trial data. RECENT FINDINGS A number of novel investigational therapies including MDM2 inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and long-acting pegylated interferon alfa-2b are in various stages of clinical development with encouraging efficacy data. The therapeutic landscape for patients with PV is expanding. Novel agents are in development that not only reduce the thrombotic potential but also act directly on the malignant PV clone with the intention of significantly modifying disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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9
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Patel M, Patel D, Datta S, Singh U. An immunochemistry-based screen for chemical inhibitors of DNA-protein interactions and its application to human CGGBP1. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1016. [PMID: 33081720 PMCID: PMC7576722 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of DNA-binding of proteins by small-molecule chemicals holds immense potential in manipulating the activities of DNA-binding proteins. Such a chemical inhibition of DNA-binding of proteins can be used to modulate processes such as replication, transcription, DNA repair and maintenance of epigenetic states. This prospect is currently challenged with the absence of robust and generic protocols to identify DNA-protein interactions. Additionally, much of the current approaches to designing inhibitors requires structural information of the target proteins. METHODS We have developed a simple dot blot and immunodetection-based assay to screen chemical libraries for inhibitors of DNA-protein interactions. The assay has been applied to a library of 1685 FDA-approved chemicals to discover inhibitors of CGGBP1, a multifunctional DNA-binding protein with no known structure. Additional in vitro and in cellulo assays have been performed to verify and supplement the findings of the screen. RESULTS Our primary screen has identified multiple inhibitors of direct or indirect interactions between CGGBP1 and genomic DNA. Of these, one inhibitor, Givinostat, was found to inhibit direct DNA-binding of CGGBP1 in the secondary screen using purified recombinant protein as the target. DNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reinforced the findings of the screen that Givinostat inhibits CGGBP1-DNA binding. CONCLUSIONS The assay we have described successfully identifies verifiable inhibitors of DNA-binding of protein; in this example, the human CGGBP1. This assay is customizable for a wide range of targets for which primary antibodies are available. It works with different sources of the target protein, cell lysates or purified recombinant preparations and does not require special equipment, DNA modifications or protein structural data. This assay is scalable and highly adaptable with the potential to discover inhibitors of transcription factors with implications in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manthan Patel
- HoMeCell Lab, Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Divyesh Patel
- HoMeCell Lab, Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Subhamoy Datta
- HoMeCell Lab, Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Umashankar Singh
- HoMeCell Lab, Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Bettica P, Petrini S, D'Oria V, D'Amico A, Catteruccia M, Pane M, Sivo S, Magri F, Brajkovic S, Messina S, Vita GL, Gatti B, Moggio M, Puri PL, Rocchetti M, De Nicolao G, Vita G, Comi GP, Bertini E, Mercuri E. Histological effects of givinostat in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:643-9. [PMID: 27566866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to dystrophin deficiency, muscle fiber degeneration and progressive fibrotic replacement of muscles. Givinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, significantly reduced fibrosis and promoted compensatory muscle regeneration in mdx mice. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the beneficial histological effects of Givinostat could be extended to DMD boys. Twenty ambulant DMD boys aged 7 to <11 years on stable corticosteroid treatment were enrolled in the study and treated for ≥12 months with Givinostat. A muscle biopsy was collected at the beginning and at the end of treatment to evaluate the amount of muscle and fibrotic tissue. Histological effects were the primary objectives of the study. Treatment with Givinostat significantly increased the fraction of muscle tissue in the biopsies and reduced the amount of fibrotic tissue. It also substantially reduced tissue necrosis and fatty replacement. Overall the drug was safe and tolerated. Improvement in functional tests was not observed in this study, but the sample size of the study was not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions. This study showed that treatment with Givinostat for more than 1 year significantly counteracted histological disease progression in ambulant DMD boys aged 7 to 10 years.
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11
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Ganai SA. Histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat: the small-molecule with promising activity against therapeutically challenging haematological malignancies. J Chemother 2016; 28:247-54. [PMID: 27121910 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1145375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are counteracting epigenetic enzymes regulating the turnover of histone acetylation thereby regulating transcriptional events in a precise manner. Deregulation of histone acetylation caused by aberrant expression of HDACs plays a key role in tumour onset and progression making these enzymes as candidate targets for anticancer drugs and therapy. Small-molecules namely histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) modulating the biological function of HDACs have shown multiple biological effects including differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumour models. HDACi in general have been described in plethora of reviews with respect to various cancers. However, no review article is available describing thoroughly the role of inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357 or [6-(diethylaminomethyl) naphthalen-2-yl] methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl) phenyl] carbamate) in haematological malignancies. Thus, the present review explores the intricate role of novel inhibitor givinostat in the defined malignancies including multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukaemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma apart from myeloproliferative neoplasms. The distinct molecular mechanisms triggered by this small-molecule inhibitor in these cancers to exert cytotoxic effect have also been dealt with. The article also highlights the combination strategy that can be used for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of this inhibitor in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- a Plant Virology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology , SKUAST-Kashmir , Srinagar , India
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Wang YG, Xu L, Wang T, Wei J, Meng WY, Wang N, Shi M. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8326-8339. [PMID: 26217084 PMCID: PMC4507102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat on proteins related to regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
METHODS: The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to observe changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in hepatic stellate cells treated with givinostat. Western blot was used to observe expression changes in p21, p57, CDK4, CDK6, cyclinD1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in hepatic stellate cells exposed to givinostat. The scratch assay was used to analyze the effect of givinostat on cell migration. Effects of givinostat on the reactive oxygen species profile, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in JS-1 cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy.
RESULTS: Givinostat significantly inhibited JS-1 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phases. Treatment with givinostat downregulated protein expression of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1, whereas expression of p21 and p57 was significantly increased. The givinostat-induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells was mainly mediated through p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Givinostat treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Acetylation of superoxide dismutase (acetyl K68) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (acetyl K310) was upregulated, while there was no change in protein expression. Moreover, the notable beneficial effect of givinostat on liver fibrosis was also confirmed in the mouse models.
CONCLUSION: Givinostat has antifibrotic activities via regulating the acetylation of nuclear factor-κB and superoxide dismutase 2, thus inhibiting hepatic stellate cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
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Walker K. International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer - 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer (October 27-31, 2013 - Sydney, Australia). Drugs Today (Barc) 2014; 49:803-8. [PMID: 24524099 DOI: 10.1358/dot.2013.49.12.2097803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer, organized by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), launched the association's celebration of its 40th year promoting research into lung cancer. This year's congress saw highlights from groundbreaking research in several areas, including surgery, radiation oncology, chemo-therapy, immunotherapy, imaging and screening, prevention and epidemiology, and supportive care, with a record number of delegates in attendance. This report focuses on highlights from a poster, oral and mini oral sessions covering from several tracks.
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