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Moriya S, Terakami S, Okada K, Shimizu T, Adachi Y, Katayose Y, Fujisawa H, Wu J, Kanamori H, Yamamoto T, Abe K. Identification of candidate genes responsible for the susceptibility of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Alternaria blotch. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:132. [PMID: 30961541 PMCID: PMC6454750 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying the interaction between host plant and host-selective toxin (HST)-producing Alternaria alternata during infection is of particular interest for sustainable crop production. Alternaria blotch of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) caused by A. alternata apple pathotype is a major disease particularly in East Asia, which is the largest producer of apples globally. A single dominant gene, Alt, controls the susceptibility of the apple cultivar 'Delicious' to Alternaria blotch. In this study, we fine mapped the Alt locus and characterized three potential candidate genes. RESULTS We used 797 F1 individuals derived from 15 crosses between apple accessions susceptible (Alt/alt) and resistant (alt/alt) to Alternaria blotch to construct physical and genetic maps of the Alt locus located on the top of chromosome 11. Susceptible accessions were derived from 'Delicious.' To fine map the Alt locus, we constructed a BAC library of 'Starking Delicious,' a sport of 'Delicious,' and used graphical genotyping to delimit the Alt locus to a region of 43 kb. Three genes predicted within the candidate Alt region were potentially involved in plant defense response, among which the gene encoding a coiled coil-nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) type disease resistance protein was the most promising. Moreover, a 12-bp insertion was uniquely identified in the 5' untranslated region of the Alt-associated allele of this gene, the presence or absence of which co-segregated with the susceptibility or resistance to A. alternata apple pathotype, respectively, among 43 tested cultivars including old ones and founders of modern apple breeding. CONCLUSION A disease resistance protein has been suggested as a determinant of susceptibility/resistance to HST-producing A. alternata for the first time. Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism of HST-mediated disease control used by A. alternata against host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriya
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa Nabeyashiki, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123 Japan
| | - Shingo Terakami
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa Nabeyashiki, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123 Japan
| | - Taku Shimizu
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa Nabeyashiki, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Adachi
- Citrus Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 485-6 Okitsunaka-cho, Shimizu, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 424-0284 Japan
| | - Yuichi Katayose
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujisawa
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Jianzhon Wu
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanamori
- Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamamoto
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa Nabeyashiki, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123 Japan
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