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Selim S, Akhtar N, Hagagy N, Alanazi A, Warrad M, El Azab E, Elamir MYM, Al-Sanea MM, Jaouni SKA, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Shah AA, Abdelgawad H. Selection of Newly Identified Growth-Promoting Archaea Haloferax Species With a Potential Action on Cobalt Resistance in Maize Plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:872654. [PMID: 35665142 PMCID: PMC9161300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with cobalt (Co) negatively impacts plant growth and production. To combat Co toxicity, plant growth-promoting microorganisms for improving plant growth are effectively applied. To this end, unclassified haloarchaeal species strain NRS_31 (OL912833), belonging to Haloferax genus, was isolated, identified for the first time, and applied to mitigate the Co phytotoxic effects on maize plants. This study found that high Co levels in soil lead to Co accumulation in maize leaves. Co accumulation in the leaves inhibited maize growth and photosynthetic efficiency, inducing oxidative damage in the tissue. Interestingly, pre-inoculation with haloarchaeal species significantly reduced Co uptake and mitigated the Co toxicity. Induced photosynthesis improved sugar metabolism, allocating more carbon to defend against Co stress. Concomitantly, the biosynthetic key enzymes involved in sucrose (sucrose-P-synthase and invertases) and proline (pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)) biosynthesis significantly increased to maintain plant osmotic potential. In addition to their osmoregulation potential, soluble sugars and proline can contribute to maintaining ROS hemostasis. Maize leaves managed their oxidative homeostasis by increasing the production of antioxidant metabolites (such as phenolics and tocopherols) and increasing the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes (such as POX, CAT, SOD, and enzymes involved in the AsA/GSH cycle). Inside the plant tissue, to overcome heavy Co toxicity, maize plants increased the synthesis of heavy metal-binding ligands (metallothionein, phytochelatins) and the metal detoxifying enzymes (glutathione S transferase). Overall, the improved ROS homeostasis, osmoregulation, and Co detoxification systems were the basis underlying Co oxidative stress, mitigating haloarchaeal treatment's impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Azab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Tag HM, Saddiq AA, Alkinani M, Hagagy N. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity. AMB Express 2021; 11:75. [PMID: 34041605 PMCID: PMC8155163 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm- 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.
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Martínez-Espinosa RM. Heterologous and Homologous Expression of Proteins from Haloarchaea: Denitrification as Case of Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E82. [PMID: 31877629 PMCID: PMC6981372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea (halophilic microbes belonging to the Archaea domain) are microorganisms requiring mid or even high salt concentrations to be alive. The molecular machinery of these organisms is adapted to such conditions, which are stressful for most life forms. Among their molecular adaptations, halophilic proteins are characterized by their high content of acidic amino acids (Aspartate (Asp) and glumate (Glu)), being only stable in solutions containing high salt concentration (between 1 and 4 M total salt concentration). Recent knowledge about haloarchaeal peptides, proteins, and enzymes have revealed that many haloarchaeal species produce proteins of interest due to their potential applications in biotechnology-based industries. Although proteins of interest are usually overproduced in recombinant prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression systems, these procedures do not accurately work for halophilic proteins, mainly if such proteins contain metallocofactors in their structures. This work summarizes the main challenges of heterologous and homologous expression of enzymes from haloarchaea, paying special attention to the metalloenzymes involved in the pathway of denitrification (anaerobic reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen), a pathway with significant implications in wastewater treatment, climate change, and biosensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (IMEM), University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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