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Ghandour W, Richa S, Hojaili N, El-Hage W, Gohier B, Kazour F. Bullying and self-harming behavior in universities - A cross-sectional study of a sample of 327 university students. Encephale 2023:S0013-7006(23)00176-8. [PMID: 37985260 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying is a widespread public health issue, found in different contexts (e.g. schools, universities, workplaces, families), and it has negative consequences on both the perpetrator and the victim. There is a lack of studies addressing bullying among university students in Arab countries and more specifically in Lebanon. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of bullying among a sample of university students in Lebanon, its forms, and associated factors. METHODS The study consists of a cross-sectional online survey addressed to university students in Lebanon that evaluates sociodemographic data, presence and type of bullying, history of bullying during childhood, adverse childhood experiences, daily life functioning, and mental health status (reported psychiatric disorders, substance use, self-harming behaviors, and suicidal attempts). Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the results between victims of bullying and the rest of the sample. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-seven university students participated in this study. The prevalence of bullying was 14.1%. The main forms of reported bullying were verbal (58.7%) and social bullying (65.2%). The main associated factors were being a witness of bullying at university (84.8% vs. 56.2% - P<.001) and history of cyberbullying (13% vs. 4.6% - P=.024). Among students who reported current bullying, 28.3% had a psychiatric diagnosis, 19.6% reported substance use, 15.2% had self-harming behaviors, and 8.7% had suicide attempts. Victims of bullying in the university reported a significant negative impact on their daily lives (lack of interest in daily activities, academic decline) (83.7%) and mental health concerns (psychiatric disorders, substance use, suicide attempts) (88.4%). CONCLUSION Even though bullying is an event less experienced in university than in school, it is nevertheless still present with potential negative impact on the victims. Bullying in a university setting is a public health issue that could benefit from more studies as well as prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waël Ghandour
- Faculty of medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Richa
- Faculty of medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar Hojaili
- Clemenceau Medical Center Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - François Kazour
- Faculty of medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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Messiaen M, Duba A, Boulangeat C, Boucekine M, Bourbon A, Viprey M, Auquier P, Lançon C, Boyer L, Fond G. [Exposure to professional violence by young physicians in the hospital: MESSIAEN national study]. Encephale 2020; 47:114-122. [PMID: 32928537 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital professional violence is defined as hostile and aggressive behavior exerted by health professionals on other health professionals. No quantitative study has been carried out to date on French hospital professional violence among young physicians, while recent qualitative studies have suggested a potential high frequency. The main objective was to determine the prevalence of exposure of young doctors to hospital violence. The secondary objective was to determine their characteristics and consequences as well as to determine if students and young physicians (resident and young MD) differed. METHODS The study was a national cross-sectional observational epidemiological study that included 4th-year medical students and young physicians (MD for less than 2 years). Thirty-seven French faculties of medicine were contacted for email recruitment of participants. Social networks were used to increase the visibility of the study. The questionnaire was developed after exhaustive review of the international literature dealing with professional violence in hospitals, its characteristics and its consequences in terms of mental health, addiction, personal and professional life. The report of these events was also explored. RESULTS In total, 2003 participants have been included. More than nine out of ten participants were exposed to hospital violence at least once and nearly 42% to moral harassment as defined by the French law. This violence does not differ between the students and the residents/young MDs, suggesting that working time in the hospital does not seem to affect this risk. Nearly 80 % of interns and young MDs reported working more than the legal time. The perpetrators of violence include in almost all cases at least one man, often a senior doctor, but students reported the presence of at least one woman among the perpetrators in ¾ of cases. The victims are as often men as women. Compared to the undergraduate medical students, residents and young MDs more frequently reported poor outcomes on their mental health, addictive behavior, personal and professional lives. The majority of victims reported the event to a peer but fewer than 10% to the head of the department, a professor or an instance that could have acted. In almost all cases, participants reported the continuation of abusive behavior after the event. In total, 42% of students think that this is simple part of medical studies that they must endure. CONCLUSION These results suggest the need to develop specific information and prevention programs for professional hospital violence in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Messiaen
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - A Duba
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Boulangeat
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Boucekine
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - A Bourbon
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - M Viprey
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P Auquier
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Lançon
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - G Fond
- Secteur Timone, EA 3279 : CEReSS - centre d'étude et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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