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Kang S, Park M, Cho JY, Ahn SJ, Yoon C, Kim SG, Cho SJ. Tumorigenic mechanisms of estrogen and Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in estrogen receptor α-positive diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:678-696. [PMID: 35391613 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC), for which Helicobacter pylori infection is a causal factor, is associated with poor prognosis among young women, possibly due to female hormones such as estrogen. We aimed to identify the carcinogenesis induced by estrogen and H. pylori in DGC. METHODS We screened and selected estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive (MKN45) and ERα-negative (SNU5) DGC cell lines. H. pylori strain 60190 and its isogenic mutant strain lacking cytotoxin-associated gene A (60190ΔCagA) were used to infect MKN45 cells. And the cytotoxin-related gene A (CagA) cDNA which was cloned into pSP65-SR-HA (cagA-pSP65SRa) vector was used to transfect MKN45 cells. Tumor samples were used for DGC organoid culture. RESULTS In MKN45 cells, we found that estradiol promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness phenotypes via HOTAIR expression. These effects were further enhanced by the addition of CagA secreted by H. pylori but were reversed by co-treatment with fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), a selective ER degrader. We also validated the effect of estrogen on DGC organoids. ERα expression was associated with tumor invasion and HOTAIR expression in DGC patients with overt H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings may explain the rapid DGC progression in young women with physiologically high levels of estrogen and suggest that fulvestrant with ovarian function suppression could serve as a tumor-suppressive agent in premenopausal patients with DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Miree Park
- Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Cho
- Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Ahn
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Rojas-Rengifo DF, Alvarez-Silva MC, Ulloa-Guerrero CP, Nuñez-Velez VL, Del Pilar Delgado M, Aguilera SM, Castro H, Jaramillo CA, Fernando González Barrios A. Intramolecular energies of the cytotoxic protein CagA of Helicobacter pylori as a possible descriptor of strains' pathogenicity level. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:17-22. [PMID: 29864542 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is known for causing gastroduodenal diseases, such as atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcerations. Furthermore Helicobacter pylori CagA positive strains has been reported as one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer (Parsonnet et al., 1997). Structural variations in the CagA structure can alter its affinity with the host proteins, inducing differences in the pathogenicity of H. pylori. CagA N-terminal region is characterized for be conserved among all H. pylori strains since the C-terminal region is characterized by an intrinsically disorder behavior. We generated complete structural models of CagA using different conformations of the C-terminal region for two H. pylori strains. These models contain the same EPIYA (ABC1C2) motifs but different level of pathogenicity: gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer. Using these structural models we evaluated the pathogenicity level of the H. pylori strain, based on the affinity of the interaction with SHP-2 and Grb2 receptors and on the number of interactions with the EPIYA motif. We found that the main differences in the interaction was due to the contributions of certain types of energies from each strain and not from the total energy of the molecule. Specifically, the electrostatic energy, helix dipole energy, Wander Waals clashes, torsional clash, backbone clash and cis bond energy allowed a separation between severe and mild pathology for the interaction of only CagA with SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Rojas-Rengifo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Camila Alvarez-Silva
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cindy P Ulloa-Guerrero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Lucía Nuñez-Velez
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Del Pilar Delgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Sonia Milena Aguilera
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Harold Castro
- Computing and Systems Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Jaramillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Kang DW, Yang ES, Noh YN, Hwang WC, Jo SY, Suh YA, Park WS, Choi KY, Min DS. MicroRNA-320a and microRNA-4496 attenuate Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-induced cancer-initiating potential and chemoresistance by targeting β-catenin and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2. J Pathol 2017; 241:614-625. [PMID: 28008607 DOI: 10.1002/path.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is closely linked to an increased risk of gastric cancer. Although cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), a major virulence factor of H. pylori, is known to be a causal factor for gastric carcinogenesis, the molecular link between CagA and gastric cancer-initiating cell (CIC)-like properties remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that CagA is required for increased expression of β-catenin and its target CIC markers via downregulation of microRNA (miR)-320a and miR-4496. CagA promoted gastric CIC properties and was responsible for chemoresistance. miR-320a and miR-4496 attenuated the in vitro self-renewal and tumour-initiating capacity of CagA-expressing CICs by targeting β-catenin. Moreover, miR-320a and miR-4496 decreased CagA-induced chemoresistance by targeting ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2) at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, respectively. Combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil and miR-320a/miR-4496 suppressed gastric tumourigenesis and metastatic potential in an orthotopic mouse model, probably via suppression of CagA-induced CIC properties and chemoresistance. Our results provide novel evidence that CIC properties, chemoresistance and tumourigenesis associated with H. pylori are linked to CagA-induced upregulation of β-catenin and ABCG2. These data provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of CagA-induced carcinogenisis and the therapeutic potential of of miR-320a and miR-4496. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jo
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Translational Research Centre for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Translational Research Centre for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang DW, Noh YN, Hwang WC, Choi KY, Min DS. Rebamipide attenuates Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced self-renewal capacity via modulation of β-catenin signaling axis in gastric cancer-initiating cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 113:36-44. [PMID: 27265143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rebamipide, a mucosal-protective agent, is used clinically for treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcers induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Although rebamipide is known to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells, the action mechanisms of rebamipide in gastric carcinogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that rebamipide suppresses H. pylori CagA-induced β-catenin and its target cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) marker gene expression via upregulation of miRNA-320a and -4496. Rebamipide attenuated in vitro self-renewal capacity of H. pylori CagA-infected gastric C-IC via modulation of miRNA-320a/-4496-β-catenin signaling axis. Moreover, rebamipide enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in CagA-expressed gastric C-IC. Furthermore, rebamipide suppressed tumor-initiating capacity of gastric C-IC, probably via suppression of CagA-induced C-IC properties. These data provide novel insights for the efficacy of rebamipide as a chemoprotective drug against H. pylori CagA-induced carcinogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Institute of Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aziz F, Wang X, Liu J, Yan Q. Ginsenoside Rg3 induces FUT4-mediated apoptosis in H. pylori CagA-treated gastric cancer cells by regulating SP1 and HSF1 expressions. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 31:158-66. [PMID: 26427350 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cytotoxin associated antigen A (CagA) plays a significant role in the development of gastric cancer. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in various cancer cells. Fucosylation plays important roles in cancer biology as increased fucosylation levels of glycoproteins and glycolipids have been reported in many cancers. Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) is an essential enzyme, catalyzes the synthesis of LewisY oligosaccharides and is regulated by specificity protein 1 (SP1) and heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) transcription factors. Herein, we studied the mechanism action of Rg3 apoptosis induction in gastric cancer cells. We treated the gastric cancer cells with CagA followed by Rg3, and analyzed their ability to induce apoptosis by evaluating the role of FUT4 as well as SP1 and HSF1 expressions by Western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA. We found that Rg3 significantly induced apoptosis in CagA treated gastric cancer cells, as evidenced by nuclear staining of 4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Annexin-V/PI double-labeling. In addition, Rg3 significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and triggered the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and PARP. Moreover, Rg3-induced apoptotic mechanisms indicated that Rg3 inhibited FUT4 expression through SP1 upregulation and HSF1 downregulation. Hence, Rg3 therapy is an effective strategy for gastric cancer treatment. Furthermore SP1 and HSF1 may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, China.
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