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Adjei NK, Samkange-Zeeb F, Boakye D, Saleem M, Christianson L, Kebede MM, Heise TL, Brand T, Esan OB, Taylor-Robinson DC, Agyemang C, Zeeb H. Ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09879-9. [PMID: 38598068 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically quantify the differences in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) prevalence across various ethnic groups in high-income countries by sex, and to evaluate the overall prevalence trends from 1996 to 2022. We conducted a systematic literature review using MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on studies about MetS prevalence among ethnic groups in high-income countries. We pooled 23 studies that used NCEP-ATP III criteria and included 147,756 healthy participants aged 18 and above. We calculated pooled prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using both fixed-effect and random-effect intercept logistic regression models. Data were analysed for 3 periods: 1996-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2021. The pooled prevalence of MetS in high-income countries, based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria, was 27.4% over the studied period, showing an increase from 24.2% in 1996-2005 to 31.9% in 2010-2021, with men and women having similar rates. When stratified by ethnicity and sex, ethnic minority women experienced the highest prevalence at 31.7%, while ethnic majority women had the lowest at 22.7%. Notably, MetS was more prevalent in ethnic minority women than men. Among ethnic minorities, women had a higher prevalence of MetS than men, and the difference was highest in Asians (about 15 percentage points). Among women, the prevalence of MetS was highest in Asians (41.2%) and lowest in Blacks/Africans (26.7%). Among men, it was highest in indigenous minority groups (34.3%) and lowest among in Blacks/Africans (19.8%). MetS is increasing at an alarming rate in high-income countries, particularly among ethnic minority women. The burden of MetS could be effectively reduced by tailoring interventions according to ethnic variations and risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building 2nd Floor Block F, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Daniel Boakye
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maham Saleem
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lara Christianson
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas L Heise
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilman Brand
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Oluwaseun B Esan
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building 2nd Floor Block F, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - David C Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building 2nd Floor Block F, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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