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Kamrani M, Saryazdi S, Zemorshidi F, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Behravan G. Cognitive deficits in HTLV-1 patients. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:416-424. [PMID: 37204651 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus known to be associated with adult T-cell lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Previous researches and brain imaging techniques have suggested cognitive abnormalities as well as brain damage in individuals infected with this virus. Given the insufficient amount of studies on how this virus can impact the affected person's cognition, we aimed to assess and compare the cognitive abnormalities of HAM/TSP patients, asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients divided into 3 groups; a group of HAM/TSP patients, a group of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and an uninfected control group. Each group contained 17 members. The cognitive state of the studied population was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF), the "Verbal Fluency Test" and the "Trail Making Test" (TMT) components of the Delis-Kaplan executive function system (D-KEFS) test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and digit span memory test. Patients diagnosed with HAM/TSP received significantly lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, TMT, RAVLT, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers obtained lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that HAM/TSP, or an asymptomatic infection with HTLV-1 could lead to cognitive deficits in the affected individuals. This can further emphasize the importance of assessing the cognitive function and psychiatric abnormalities of those infected with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Kamrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Saryazdi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Zemorshidi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazal Behravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hezave YA, Sharifi Z, Ranjbar Kermani F, Shahabi M. The association of polymorphisms (rs2227981 and rs10204525) of PDCD1 gene with susceptibility to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105049. [PMID: 34153420 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first retrovirus as the causative agent of two serious diseases in human is known. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a regulatory protein that has an important role in immune system response and created exhaustion phenotype in T cells at chronic infections; therefore, it can impair anti-viral responses. Since the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in PD-1gene may influence infection with HTLV-1virus, so in this research, association between SNPs in exon 5 of PD-1 gene with susceptibility to HTLV-1 infection and proviral load (PVL) in Iran's population studied. In this case-control study, PD-1 rs2227981 and rs10204525 polymorphisms were evaluated in 81 HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 162 healthy individuals (control groups). These polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Moreover, PVL was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR). The results indicated that frequency of GA and AA genotypes in rs10204525 polymorphism was higher in ACs group (82.7%) than control group (26.5%) significantly; and GA + AA genotypes were significantly associated with HTLV-1 infection (OR = 13.244, 95%CI = 6.755-25.968, p = 0.000); but CT + TT genotypes in rs2227981 polymorphism, were as a protective factor against HTLV-1 infection (OR = 0.473, 95%CI = 0.279-0.813, P = 0.009). However, there was no significant difference between these polymorphisms and HTLV-1 PVL.
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Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5-10 million people worldwide and causes fatal and disabling diseases in a significant proportion of them. A chronic myelitis named HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is the typical neurological manifestation of HTLV-1. However, other neurological syndromes can be either associated with HAM/TSP or occur in isolation in the HTLV-1 infected individual. Although this fact has been widely described over the years, it has been somewhat neglected by the mainstream literature, which has been largely focused on HAM/TSP. Cognitive dysfunction, encephalopathy, neurogenic bladder, motor neuron disease, inflammatory myopathies, polyneuropathy, and dysautonomia can also occur in the HTLV-1 infected patient and may remain unnoticed to the unsuspecting physician. In the present review, we intend to draw attention, primarily to the infectious disease specialist and to the general practitioner, to the fact that HTLV-1 has a broader neurological spectrum than the designation HAM/TSP suggests and that infected individuals may harbor other neurological syndromes in addition to HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Q C Araujo
- Laboratory for Clinical Research in Neuroinfections, Evandro Chagas' National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI-FIOCRUZ), Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brazil
- Institute of Neurology (INDC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Wedemann
- Institute of Neurology (INDC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Henrique-Araújo R, Quarantini LC, Caribé AC, Argolo FC, Jesus-Nunes AP, Morais-de-Jesus M, Dantas-Duarte A, Moreira TM, Oliveira IRD. Quality of life, risk behaviors and depression among carriers of hepatitis C virus and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1: a comparative study. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:224-230. [PMID: 31344356 PMCID: PMC9427947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has low prevalence rates, but is endemic in some regions of the world. It is usually a chronic asymptomatic infection, but it can be associated with serious neurologic and urinary conditions. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is broadly spread out worldwide. The majority of these infections have a chronic course that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives To compare sociodemographic and mental health (risk behaviors, depression, and suicide) aspects, and quality of life among patients with HCV or HTLV-1. Methods Observational, comparative and cross-sectional study involving outpatients with HCV or HLTV-1 infection. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors and quality of life were assessed through the questionnaires Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – MINI Plus (depression and suicide) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (quality of life). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical logistic regression) were conducted. Results 143 individuals with HCV and 113 individuals with HTLV-1 infection were included. Males were predominant in the HCV group (68.8%) and females in the HTLV-1 group (71.7%). The frequency of risk behaviors (sexual and drug use) was greater in those with HCV (p < 0.05). A past depressive episode was more common in the HTLV-1 group (p = 0.037). Quality of life was significantly worse in the physical functioning, vitality, mental health, and social functioning domains in those with HTLV-1 (p < 0.05). HTLV-1 infection remained independently associated with worse quality of life in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Risk behaviors are frequent among those infected with HCV. Additionally, despite HTLV-1 being considered an infection with low morbidity, issues related to mental health (depressive episode) and decreased quality of life are relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Henrique-Araújo
- Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Nova Esperança Medical School, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Hospital Complex of Infectious Diseases Clementino Fraga, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Lucas C Quarantini
- Federal University of Bahia, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - André C Caribé
- Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Argolo
- Federal University of São Paulo, Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Jesus-Nunes
- Federal University of Bahia, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mychelle Morais-de-Jesus
- Federal University of Bahia, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dantas-Duarte
- Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Tayne Miranda Moreira
- Federal University of Bahia, Psychiatry Service, University Hospital (Com-HUPES), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Irismar Reis de Oliveira
- Federal University of Bahia, Institute of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia–lymphoma (ATL), a rare and aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with a poor prognosis. Evidence-based standard treatment options are lacking and outcomes are generally unsatisfactory, particularly for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Continued research is contributing to changing treatment landscape as a number of existing and investigational agents are evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and ATL, discuss the biology behind the disease, review current treatment practices and guidelines, and provide an overview of emerging therapies in ATL, with a focus on those for relapsed or refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hermine
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaneko Y, Tatsuno K, Fujiyama T, Ito T, Tokura Y. Recurrent Facial Erythema with Cytotoxic T Cell Infiltration as a Possible Reactive Eruption in a Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier. Case Rep Dermatol 2015; 7:95-9. [PMID: 26078739 PMCID: PMC4463783 DOI: 10.1159/000430804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and carrier. Approximately half of ATLL patients have direct skin involvement of neoplastic cells. However, there exist HTLV-1-associated reactive eruptions with a predominant infiltrate of non-neoplastic CD8+ T cells in ATLL, HAM/TSP and carrier. A 50-year-old Japanese female HTLV-1 carrier had several episodes of itchy, indurated erythema that occurred diffusely on the face and neck, lasted for 2 weeks and spontaneously subsided without sequelae. Histopathologically, CD3+ T cells infiltrated the upper dermis, and part of the infiltrating cells were CD4+CD25+, sharing the phenotype with ATLL neoplastic cells. An aggregate of CD8+ T cells bearing the cytotoxic molecule TIA-1 was also present. It is possible that skin-affinitive HTLV-1+CD4+ T cells propagated and subsequently disappeared as a result of cytotoxic T cell attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tatsuno
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Fujiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Hokama A, Tomoyose T, Yamamoto YI, Watanabe T, Hirata T, Kinjo F, Kato S, Ohshima K, Uezato H, Takasu N, Fujita J. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma presenting multiple lymphomatous polyposis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6584-8. [PMID: 19030219 PMCID: PMC2773353 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is an unusual form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterized by polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that most MLP are observed in cases with mantle cell lymphoma of B-cell type. We herein present a case of a 66-year-old man with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Colonoscopy revealed MLP throughout the colon and histopathological findings of ATLL cell infiltration. The patient died despite combination of chemotherapy. The literature of manifestations of colonic involvement of ATLL is reviewed and the importance of endoscopic evaluation to differentiate ATLL intestinal lesions from opportunistic infectious enterocolitis is discussed.
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