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Kaneko Y, Hayashi S, Igawa K. A case of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome complicated by eosinophilic pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231189141. [PMID: 37522366 PMCID: PMC10392283 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231189141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary symptom of urticarial vasculitis (UV), which is a histopathological leukocytoclastic vasculitis disease, is an eruption that resembles urticaria. Other organs may also experience accompanying symptoms. Lung lesions with UV are mostly obstructive pulmonary disease with smoking. However, the coexistence of eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) and complicated UV remains unclear. We report a man in his 70s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who attended our department with ring-shaped erythema, marginal edema, and pigmentation. Additionally, a skin histological analysis showed nuclear dust and perivascular neutrophil infiltration, while a blood sample showed a decrease in C3 and C1q concentrations. Administration of prednisone temporarily improved the eruption. However, he developed a cough and a new UV eruption 1 year later. Computed tomography revealed infiltration in the right upper lobe of the lungs, and a blood sample showed a high eosinophil count. He was finally diagnosed with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome and idiopathic chronic EP. A previous study showed that serum C1q concentrations in patients with EP were lower when this disease was active. Whether a decline in C1q concentrations can cause EP is unclear. However, our case is unique owing to the co-onset of EP with low complement concentrations and recurrence of UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kaneko
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shujiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Ken Igawa
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
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Mehta JP, Jang CQH, Fahim P, Nguyen MK, Zuckerman J, Mamita R, Kamgar M. Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome Masquerading as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report. Glomerular Dis 2022; 2:189-193. [PMID: 36817292 PMCID: PMC9936762 DOI: 10.1159/000525942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is an infrequent immune complex-mediated condition characterized by nonpruritic urticarial lesions, low serum complement levels, and autoantibodies, associated with systemic manifestations like arthralgia/arthritis, angioedema, ocular inflammation with conjunctivitis, episcleritis, uveitis, renal, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary involvement. HUVS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlap and the criteria for identifying HUVS as an entity distinct from SLE are lacking. Despite the diagnostic criteria established by Schwartz et al. [Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26(5):502-9], differentiation from SLE is sometimes difficult as patients often also fulfill the classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The prognosis of HUVS depends on the organ system involved. Lung disease results in significant morbidity and mortality and is made worse by smoking. Kidney involvement with glomerulonephritis may ultimately result in end-stage renal disease with the need for kidney transplant. Death may also occur due to acute laryngeal edema. Case Presentation We pre-sent a case of a 40-year-old female who had a diagnosis of SLE, presented with severe odynophagia, was found to have an erythematous macular rash, and had acute kidney injury attributed to contrast-related injury and cardiorenal syndrome. After the resolution of the AKI, she continued to have hematuria and low-grade proteinuria that led to a kidney biopsy that aided in the diagnosis of HUVS. Discussion/Conclusion Given the rarity of this disease and the difficulty in differentiating HUVS from other rheumatological diseases such as SLE, further accumulation of cases is necessary to understand the best diagnostic modality for this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten Prakash Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA,*Jiten Prakash Mehta,
| | - Charley Qi Hua Jang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Fahim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minhtri Khac Nguyen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Zuckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosha Mamita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Kamgar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Scheggi V, Marchionni N, Stefàno PL. Heart valve disease in hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome: from immune-mediated degeneration to embolic complications of infective endocarditis-a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab341. [PMID: 34622135 PMCID: PMC8491064 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare disease due to small vessel inflammation and characterized by chronic urticarial vasculitis and arthritis. Multi-organ manifestations may include glomerulonephritis, ocular inflammation (uveitis, episcleritis), and recurrent abdominal pain. To the best of our knowledge, just other nine cases of HUVS with cardiac valvular involvement have been reported in the literature. Case summary A 32-year-old woman presented to the emergency department because of a cerebral haemorrhage. She suffered from a severe HUVS form with cardiac valvular involvement. In the previous years, she underwent cardiac surgery twice for aortic and mitral valves immune-mediated degeneration. The neurologic event was secondary to Listeria monocytogenes aortic endocarditis, complicated by a cerebral embolism and periaortic abscess. Discussion Patients with HUVS rarely present valvular heart disease. The latter is mostly secondary to an inflammatory process. Valve degeneration and immunosuppressive therapy increase the risk of infective endocarditis, with dramatic consequences for the prognosis of these patients. Valvular involvement is a sporadic but potentially fatal complication of HUVS, which should be taken in mind in the multidisciplinary evaluation of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scheggi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Perioperative Medicine, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Division of General Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Stefàno
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Vallianou K, Skalioti C, Liapis G, Boletis JN, Marinaki S. A case report of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis presenting with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:351. [PMID: 32811472 PMCID: PMC7433181 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome is an infrequent condition characterized by ocular, renal, gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement with low serum complement levels and autoantibodies. Renal manifestations vary from microscopic hematuria to nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury. Accordingly differing histologic patterns have been reported. Case presentation We present the case of a 65 years old woman with a history of chronic uveitis who presented with arthralgias, urticarial rush, nephrotic syndrome, glomerular hematuria and low serum complement. Kidney biopsy revealed an immune-complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient received induction therapy with steroids, cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine followed by rapid clinical improvement and remission of proteinuria. Maintenance treatment consisted of rituximab pulses. Conclusions The majority of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome cases is idiopathic, although an association to drugs, infections or other autoimmune disorders has been recorded. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease, no standard treatment is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Vallianou
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Skalioti
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Liapis
- Pathology Department, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John N Boletis
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Smaragdi Marinaki
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nucera E, Basta F, Buonomo A, Mezzacappa S, Margiotta DP, Antonelli Incalzi R, Schiavino D. A Case of Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome Successfully Treated With Omalizumab. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 27:382-384. [PMID: 29199964 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Nucera
- Allergy Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Policlinico "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - F Basta
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Buonomo
- Allergy Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Policlinico "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - S Mezzacappa
- Allergy Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Policlinico "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - D P Margiotta
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Schiavino
- Allergy Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Policlinico "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Anti-C1q autoantibodies may be found in many conditions, most commonly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS), and are diagnostic markers as well as disease activity markers in lupus nephritis. Sera from patients with SLE and HUVS show partly distinct autoantibody reactivities to separated protein chains B and C of the first component of complement, C1q. These different binding specificities can be detected by Western blot analysis of the autoantibodies under reducing conditions. Results may help clinicians to differentiate between SLE and HUVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anci Verlemyr
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Lennart Truedsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Skattum
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Skåne, Sweden.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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